ME-102

Engineering Graphics
Lecture 1
Introduction
Course Instructor:
Dr. Ahmad Abbas
Assistant Professor
Office # G-14 – FME
Office Ext. 2579
Email: ahmad@giki.edu.pk
 Instructor’s Profile Summary
Ahmad Abbas
Education
- B.Sc in Mechanical Engineering (UET Peshawar 2010)
- M.Sc in Mechanical Engineering (GIK Institute 2012)
- PhD in Mechanical Engineering (GIK Institute 2017)

Work Experience
- Research Associate (GIK Institute 2010-2012)
- Assistant Professor (GIK Institute)
Courses Taught
- Thermodynamics-1
- Fluid Mechanics-1
-Mechanical Engineering Design
- Instrumentations and measurements.
-Power Plants
3
 Outcome Based Education (OBE)
• System of education that revolves around goals
(outcomes) the students are to achieve through a
degree program.
Outcome Based Education (OBE)
Institute
Vision/Mission

Faculty
Vision/Mission

Program
Eductional
Objectives
(PEO's)

Program
Learning
Outcomes
(PLO's)

Course Course Course Course

Learning Learning Learning Learning
Outcome Outcome Outcome Outcome
(CLO1) (CLO2) (CLO3) (CLO4)
 Course Learning Outcomes
Sr. No Course Learning Outcomes PLOs Blooms Taxonomy

Students will demonstrate the

CLO_1 basic understanding of PLO1 C2
engineering graphics

Student will be able to

CLO_2 communicate, represent and PLO10 A4
document the design ideas.

Students will be able to use

CLO_3 modern CAD tools to basic PLO5 P2
design levels
 Course Learning Outcomes
• The CLO’s are mapped to PLO’s and are
evaluated at the end of each course.
• You need to achieve at least 40% of each PLO.
• If you fail to achieve at least 40% in any of the
12 PLO’s at the end of your 4 year program,
necessary action may be taken against you.
• PLO’s, PEO’s and vision/mission of faculty
and institute are available on the GIKI web site
 Text Book and Other Resources
• Text Book: Technical Graphics Communication 3rd
edition by Eric N. Wiebe and Garry R. Bertoline
(Soft copy be made available through e-mail/portal)
\\10.1.17.20

• Lectures, E-Books and other Self Study Material

(Will be shared through e-mail/portal)
Please reach in class at least 5 minutes earlier.
Door will be locked after 5 minutes.
Grading Policy (Subject to Change)

• Quizzes = 10% (2 Mega Quizzes)

• Assignments = 5% (At least 3)
• Lab = 40%
• Mid Exam = 15%
• Final Exam = 30%
Please note that you have to
score a minimum of 35 to pass
the course (FME Policy)
 Welcome
• Welcome aboard!
• Looking forward to a pleasant and
enjoyable learning and teaching journey
• But remember:
“I will laugh at your jokes but won’t cry at
your grades”
What is Engineering Design??
Typical Engineering Design Cycle
Problem
Identification

Preliminary Ideas

Design Refinement

Analysis

Optimization

Documentation
 Graphics in Design Process
Technical graphics is a real and complete language
used in the design process for:

1. Visualization
2. Communication
3. Documentation
Visualization
• Visualization is the ability to mentally picture things
that are not there.
• Ability to visualize problem solutions and
communicate them through sketches is one of the
most important skill of a designer.
Communication
• Refinement of your initial
sketches so that your design
solution can be communicated
to others without ambiguity.

• Usually done by creating a

three dimensional (3D) model
Documentation
• Is a process to permanently
record that solution/Final
sketch/Design.

• 2D drawing follow strict standard

practices. These standards are
the language used to
communicate graphically.

• 3D graphical representation can

also be part of the final
documentation
 Engineering Graphics
It refers basically to the use of
Drawings/Sketches to represent
design ideas, configurations &
specifications and analysis for an
engineering project.
Effectiveness of Graphics Language
1. Try to write a description of
this object.

2. Test your written description

by having someone attempt
to make a sketch from your
description.

You can easily understand that …

The word languages are inadequate for describing the
size, shape and features completely as well as
concisely.
Composition of Graphic Language
Graphic language in “engineering application” uses
lines to represent the surfaces, edges and contours
of objects.

The language is known as “drawing” or “drafting” .

A drawing can be done using freehand, instruments

or computer methods.
Freehand drawing
The lines are sketched without using instruments other
than pencils and erasers.

Example
Instrument drawing
Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and
curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are
usually made to scale.

Example
 Computer Aided drawing
The drawings are usually made by commercial software
such as AutoCAD, Pro-E/ CREO, solid works etc.

Example
 Engineering Drawing
• An engineering drawing is a set of
drawings/Views/Sections etc. that communicates an
idea, design, schematic or model.
• Engineering drawing is an universal graphic language,
known as the language of engineers.
• It is used by engineers to develop and record their
ideas and transmit them to others for execution.

Different types of drawing

For e.g. mechanical engineers need productions
drawing to manufacture a component or assembly.
 Elements of Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language
and word language.

Graphics
language
Describe a shape/geometry
(mainly).

Word
language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.
 Drawing Standards
Standards are set of rules that govern how technical
drawings are represented.

Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey

the same meaning to everyone who reads them.
 Standard Code
Country Code Full name

Turkey TS Turkish Standard

USA ANSI American National Standard Institute

Japan JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
UK BS British Standard
Australia AS Australian Standard
Germany DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung

ISO International Standards Organization

 Drawing Sheet
A4
Trimmed paper of
a size A0 ~ A4.
A3
Standard sheet size
(ISO) A2

A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420 A1
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841
A0 841 x 1189
(Dimensions in millimeters) A0
 Orientation of drawing sheet

1. Type X (A0~A4) 2. Type Y (A4 only)

c
d
d c Drawing
Border Drawing space
space Title block
lines Title block
c

Sheet size c (min) d (min)

A4 10 25
A3 10 25
A2 10 25
A1 20 25
A0 20 25
 Drawing Scales
Length, size
Scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element
of an object shown in the drawing to the real linear
dimension of the same element of the object.

Size in drawing Actual size

:
 Drawing Scales
Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE”
followed by the indication of its ratio, as follow

SCALE 1:1 for full size

SCALE X:1 for enlargement scales (X > 1)
SCALE 1:X for reduction scales (X > 1)

Dimension numbers shown in the drawing are correspond

to “true size” of the object and they are independent of
the scale used in creating that drawing.
 Basic Line Types
Name according
Types of Lines Appearance
to application

Continuous thick line Visible line

Continuous thin line Dimension line

Extension line
Leader line

Dash thick line Hidden line

Chain thin line Center line

NOTE : We will learn other types of line in later chapters.

 Meaning of Lines
Visible lines represent features that can be seen in the
current view
Hidden lines represent features that can not be seen in
the current view

Center line represents symmetry, path of motion, centers

of circles, axis of axisymmetrical parts

Dimension and Extension lines indicate the sizes and

location of features on a drawing
Example : Line conventions in engineering drawing
 DRAWING TOOLS

Drawing Boards
 DRAWING TOOLS

1. T-Square 2. Triangles
 DRAWING TOOLS

2H or HB for thick line

4H for thin line

3. Adhesive Tape 4. Pencils

 DRAWING TOOLS

5. Sandpaper 6. Compass
 DRAWING TOOLS

7. Pencil Eraser 8. Circular Template 10. Sharpener

DRAWING TOOLS

11. Scales
Sketching Techniques
Self study
• Engineering Drawing rules
• Freehand sketching
• Line types
• Lettering

• Student’s should contact Teaching

Assistants/Lab Engineers incase of any
problem.
• If not solved
• Office hours (15:00 ~ 17:00 HRS)
Monday ~ Thursday
End of Lecture 1
Thank you…