LITERATURE

-litera
-literatura
-letters
 LITERATURE
- spoken or written
-WITNESSING OF
LIFE
 2 DIVISIONS/
CATEGORIES

-PROSE
-POETRY
 PROSE
-sentences/
paragraph
-direct
- unlimited words
 POETRY
- lines/ stanzas
-implied/indirect
-limited words
 FICTION
- based on the
imagination
-non factual
 NON-FICTION
- based on truth
 DRAMA
-intended to be
performed on
stage
 POETRY
- says something
but means another
thing
 ELEMENTS OF
FICTION

1. CHARACTER-
persons, things, animals
involved
 TYPES ACCDNG
TO ROLES:
1.Protagonist
2.Antagonist
3.Satellite
 TYPES ACCDNG
TO
DEVELOPMENT:
1.Flat/ static
2.Dynamic/ round
 PLOT
-sequence/ flow of events
Types:
a.Flashbacking
b.Foreshadowing
c.Medias res
d.Hanging ending
e.Pyramid-shaped
 3. SETTING
- place and time

* atmosphere-mood
of the story
 4. POINT OF VIEW
- narrator
-tells the story
Types:
1.1st person POV- I, we
2.2nd person POV- you
3.3rd person POV- he, she, it,
they
 5. THEME
-central idea
-positive or negative

* lesson/ morale-always
positive
 6. SYMBOLISM
-thing with
representation
 7. CONFLICT
-problem being encountered
Types:
1.Man vs man
2.Man vs himself
3.Man vs nature
Types:
4. Man vs fate/destiny
5. Man vs
faith/religion/god
6. Man vs society
7. Man vs technology
 8. STYLE
- author’s way of
writing
 9. IRONY
- contradiction/ opposite
Types:
a.Verbal-words
b.Situational-events
 ELEMENTS of
POETRY

1.Imagery-mental
picture
ELEMENTS of POETRY

2. Voice/ Persona-
speaker
 ELEMENTS of
POETRY

3. Tone- emotional
impact
ELEMENTS of POETRY
4. Form- structure and
measurement
Types:
a.Open/ Free Verse
b.Closed
ELEMENTS of POETRY

5. Rhyme/Rhythm/Meter
- musicality
ELEMENTS of POETRY

6. Style- poet’s way of

writing
ELEMENTS of POETRY

7. Symbolism-thing
with representation
 ELEMENTS of
POETRY
8. Diction- choice of
words
 ELEMENTS of POETRY

9. Theme/ Insight- central

idea/ message

* Interpretation in poetry is
liberal
 EXAMPLES OF NON-
FICTION
1.Essay- expository writing
of a topic
Types:
a.Formal
b.informal
 EXAMPLES OF NON-
FICTION
2. Autobiography-life story
written by himself
3. Biography- written by
others
 EXAMPLES OF NON-
FICTION
4. Diary
5. Journal
6. Newspapers &
Magazines
7. Reports/ Documentaries
 EXAMPLES OF NON-
FICTION
8. Reference Materials-
textbooks, dictionaries,
encyclopedias
9. Speeches
DRAMA- literary work
intended to be performed on
stage
PLAY- script in drama
-written by playwright
THEATER- live performance
to an audience
 ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
1.Actors- characters
involved
2.Stage Craft/Spectacle-
lights, props, sounds, etc.
3.Convention-style used
 ELEMENTS OF DRAMA

4. Theme- central message

5. Plot-flow of events
6. Dialogue-script/ lines
delivered by actors
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

1.Simile- comparison using

LIKE or AS
2.Metaphor- comparison
without the use of like/as
 FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
3. Personification- putting
human characteristics
4. Hyperbole-exaggeration
5. Onomatopoeia- words
that suggest sounds
 FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
6. Allusion- reference to
something/ someone from
the past/ other literary
works
 FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
7. Apostrophe- calling
something absent as if
present
8. Oxymoron/ Paradox-
opposite things being put
together
 FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
9. Irony- contradiction
10. Euphemism-
substitution to an offensive
term
11. Alliteration- repetition of
initial sounds