Documente Academic
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Documente Cultură
DR PRADEEP N E
UNIT 1
HR Analytics in perspective
WHAT IS ANALYTICS?
Analytics is the application of analytic logic in the organizational terms. Analytics is about analyzing the data to
make meaningful information which should be able to support organizations in their decision making process.
HR Analytics refers to the application of analytic logic to the HRM Function.
Analytics is an encompassing and multidimensional field that uses mathematics, statistics,
predictive modeling and machine learning techniques to find meaningful patterns and
knowledge in recorded data.
Analytics is considered as statistics which not completely true. Analytics implies in itself the Art and Science of data
universe. Here Art teaches as how to look at the data in different patterns and Science supports in application of the data in
various domains.
Analytics is the hybrid concept of analyzing data with appropriate metrics utilizing efficient statistical tools and applications.
Today, with the gigantic nature of the data which is in huge volumes often called as big data, various third wave generations
have come in the way to work more effectively through utilizing advanced technological tools. In turn, this will lead to the
application of analytics to the value chain of organizations.
https://www.sas.com/en_in/insights/analytics/what-is-analytics.html
TYPES OF ANALYTICS
Prescriptive analytics. Prescriptive analytics is the newest kid on the block. Knowing what will happen and knowing
what to do are two different things. Prescriptive analytics answers the question of what to do by providing information
on optimal decisions based on the predicted future scenarios. The key to prescriptive analytics is being able to use big
data, contextual data and lots of computing power to produce answers in real time.
UNIT 1: HR ANALYTICS IN PERSPECTIVE
ROLE OF ANALYTICS
The Role of Analytics is itself a vast discipline to learn and engage in the existing business scenarios. Its application
extends to various aspects of any organization which includes:
Enhance organizational efficiency
Achieve competitive advantage
Maximization of resource utility
Establish the best alternatives
Support decision making process of organization
Leverage cost effective methodologies through analytics
Building effective strategies for human resource management
Business Intelligence & Market Research (Where should we locate a new manufacturing plant?)
Customer Intelligence (Who gets the latest catalog or brochure?)
Pricing strategies & optimization (How much should we charge for a particular item?)
WHY IS ANALYTICS IMPORTANT?
From the first known population data collection project by the Swedish government in 1749, to Florence
Nightingale recording and analyzing mortality data in the 1850s, to British scholar Richard Doll’s tobacco
and lung cancer study in the 1950s, the analysis of data has fueled knowledge discovery for hundreds of
years.
Each of the above scenarios required an answer to a heretofore unanswerable question. In the 1700s, the
Swedes wanted to know the geographical distribution of their population to learn the best way to sustain
an appropriate military force. Nightingale wanted to know the role that hygiene and nursing care played
in mortality rates. Doll wanted to know if people who smoked were more likely to suffer from lung
cancer.
WHY IS ANALYTICS IMPORTANT?
Analysis of data can uncover correlations and patterns. There’s less need to rely on
guesses or intuition.And it can help answer the following types of questions:
What happened?
How or why did it happen?
What’s happening now?
What is likely to happen next?
With faster and more powerful computers, opportunity abounds for the use of
analytics and big data. Whether it’s determining credit risk, developing new medicines,
finding more efficient ways to deliver products and services, preventing fraud,
uncovering cyberthreats or retaining the most valuable customers, analytics can help
you understand your organization – and the world around it.
WHAT WILL BE IN THE THIRD WAVE HR THAT IS NOT IN THE TRADITIONAL HR?
HR Analytics
Remember, first of all, that we live now in a world that sleeps, breaths with data. So HR will be the host for
the departments that will answer questions on how to create the utmost efficiency. Big and Small data will
both be handled.
Analysis based on data will play a great role as a decision-support mechanism in all
processes from hiring to firing. HR Analytics will become one of the most important
units of HR.
The employees of these units will include graduates of natural sciences and engineering just as much as
social sciences. The most important difference of the HR analytics will be their shedding light into the
future. Otherwise, HR today also uses employee data and analyses it to understand the past and the future.
HR analytics will make predictions for employee loyalty or quitting rates using foresight models and
developed artificial intelligence systems to look at today’s picture.
UNDERSTANDING THE HR VALUE CHAIN
UNDERSTANDING THE HR VALUE CHAIN
All these metrics measure HR processes and give information about how efficient the HR function is.
It doesn’t say anything about how well HR is hitting its marks, a.k.a. HR effectiveness.
I like to refer to organizations who solely focus on HRM processes level 1 HR organizations. Their main
focus is cost savings, reached by optimizing these efficiency metrics.
For example, if they can lower the cost of hire while keeping the time to hire metric stable, they are more
efficient. This immediately shows the big weakness of these level 1 HR organizations: they focus on
reducing HR cost – and thus approach HR as a cost-center instead of focusing on the value that HR adds.
In other words, HR efficiency says nothing about how HR contributes to the business.
UNDERSTANDING THE HR VALUE CHAIN
All these metrics provide information about how well the workforce is doing. This
involves both HR and line management.
For example, when engagement is high, HR is more effective than when engagement is
low. The same holds true for retention and (inversely) for employee absence.
Part of HR effectiveness is how well the intended HR practices are executed by
managers. HR can do a stellar job but with bad managers, employees will be more
absent and much more likely to leave!
UNDERSTANDING THE HR VALUE CHAIN
It is important to realize that most of our HR activities are aimed at achieving positive HR outcomes. For example:
We don’t want to spend too much time on bringing in new people, otherwise we will lose the best candidates,
bringing our quality of hire metric down
We are training our people to make them perform better and retain them
We engage in wellness promotion in order to lower absence
And so on
Level 2 HR organizations focus on HRM outcomes. They don’t focus on cost savings but
on how they can reach their HR outcomes in a cost-efficient way.
UNDERSTANDING THE HR VALUE CHAIN
Organizational objectives
The last category is organizational objectives. These are the strategic goals that the organization is trying to reach.
Examples of metrics include:
Market share
Profit margins
Market capitalization
Customer satisfaction
Customer loyalty
These are the kind of outcomes that add value to the business and make the business more viable in the long term.
Level 3 HR organizations focus on the business contribution they make with all of their people policies. These are
truly strategic HR functions.
THE HR VALUE CHAIN IN PRACTICE
An example about how these different levels of HR organizations think. Say we want to
increase learning in the organization.
A level 1 HR organization will allocate more L&D budget to employees, believing that
better-trained employees will benefit the organization.
A level 2 organization will allocate more L&D budget to employees and follow up by
checking if these investments pay off. They test knowledge retention and check if the
investments lead to better individual performance. If not, they will test and change
training programs and/or training providers in order to optimize return.
A level 3 organization does it the other way around. They know that the L&D spending
was increased because the organization wanted to become more innovative and
profitable. This organization will do all of the above and test how it impacts these
two key performance indicators. They will only be satisfied when there’s a positive
relationship between the L&D spending and the key performance indicators.
THE HR VALUE CHAIN IN PRACTICE
THE HR VALUE CHAIN AND ANALYTICS
This is also where analytics comes in. HR serves the business and should follow the organizational objectives. All HR
outcomes and activities that HR focuses on should lead to these business outcomes.
Two decades ago, trained data professionals spent an exorbitant amount in using statistical and analytical software
such as SPSS and SAS.
That was the very first wave of analytics transformation – monetization.
This was soon followed by commoditization, as expert programmers started developing analytical algorithms on
open source.
Today, we are witnessing the third wave - democratization of analytics - that is finally getting the algorithms
into everyone’s hands.
UI-based tools like Exploratory and Dataiku leverage open source technology, and are widely adopted by business
users across marketing, finance, manufacturing, etc.
RIDING THE THIRD WAVE OF ANALYTICS
As organizations further democratize data science, three key skills will distinguish the
talent of tomorrow –
business thinking,
software and statistical abilities, and
soft skills.
Analysis based on data will play a great role as a decision-support mechanism in all processes from hiring to firing.
HR Analytics will become one of the most important units of HR.
RIDING THE THIRD WAVE OF ANALYTICS
HRA Frameworks
HRA FRAMEWORKS
According to the LAMP model, there are four major components, which
are critical to strategic change. These components include: Logic, Analytics,
Measures and Process (Cascio and Boudreau 2008).
LOGIC
Analytics
Measures
Process
HRA FRAMEWORKS : LAMP FRAMEWORK
HRA FRAMEWORKS : LAMP FRAMEWORK
LOGIC : Articulate the connections between talent and strategic success, as well as
the principles and conditions that predict individual and organizational behaviors. The
logic element of any measurement system provides the "story" behind the
connections between the numbers and the effects and outcomes
For example, beyond providing numbers that describe trends in the demographic
makeup of a job, improved logic might describe how demographic diversity affects
innovation, or it might depict the pipeline of talent movement to show what bottlenecks
most affect career progress.
HRA FRAMEWORKS : LAMP FRAMEWORK
Scanning:
All the external market forces and internal organizational factors are listed
in terms of how they might affect the organization’s human, structural, and
relational capital. Additionally, the interdependencies and interactions
across these three forms of capital are recognized and accounted for. This
is the critical, often ignored, point.
HCM : 21 FRAMEWORK
Planning:
Workforce planning is reconstituted as capability development. The
industrial-era, gap-analysis, structure-focused model is replaced with an
agile system focused on building sustainable human capability rather than
filling positions; in fact, many of those older positions will be restructured
or eliminated.
HCM : 21 FRAMEWORK
Producing:
Human resources services are studied as processes with inputs,
throughputs, and outputs. Statistical analysis is applied to uncover the most
cost-effective combination of inputs and throughputs to drive desired
outputs.
HCM : 21 FRAMEWORK
Predicting:
A three-point measurement system is designed to include strategic,
operational, and leading indicators. The causal and correlational aspects of
the three points are used to tell a comprehensive story.
SUMMARY
In order to conduct good analysis and go through all the steps in the analysis
spectrum, analysts are encouraged to use an analytical framework.
Analytical frameworks are designed to structure an analyst’s thinking, and to help
logical thinking in a systematic manner.
In short, analytical frameworks are models that aim to guide and facilitate
sense making and understanding. An analytical framework is often presented
visually.
Analytical framework = theoretical + conceptual framework (secondary data review, analysis plan, methodology,
tools)
5 OVERARCHING COMPONENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE ANALYTICS
FRAMEWORK
<Published in (https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/...)>
5 OVERARCHING COMPONENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE ANALYTICS
FRAMEWORK