Identifying Specific Vulnerabilities

•Learning Competency The learners are

able to:
• recognize vulnerabilities of different
elements exposed to specific hazards
(DRR11/12 Id-12)
Based on the video:
I. Identify the exposed elements
affected by the lahar hazard, and
why were these elements
vulnerable?
Sample answers: people physically vulnerable to
getting buried or trapped in structures particularly
when lahar flow occurs suddenly and at night; the
loss of loved one, possession, or loss of sense of
place traumatize people both psychologically as well
as socially; road and bridge can get eroded by lahar
flows, houses with its contents can get buried, loss
of livelihood, basic services like water, sewage,
electricity due to burial by lahar can severely affect
the normal way of life, loss of landmarks such as
church, cultural and historical monuments.
2. How did the residents’
sense of attachment to
place significantly
contribute to the residents
remaining or resettling
back the town of Bacolor.
 Sample answer: Because
people did not want to
leave the place, the
invested their resources in
remaning in and rebuilding
the town of Bacolor.
3.What factors/circumstances
led to the adoption of the
traditional practice of house
raising by residents of Bacolor
to reclaim and protect their
houses?
The house is a typical raised house found in the
Pampanga area affected by lahar. The frame of
the house including the foundation is made from
reinforced concrete, with hollow-block in-fill
walls. The roof system consists of a cocolumber
roof frame and galvanized iron roofing material.
The partitions are constructed from wooden
materials. The house was designed and
constructed by a foreman with no formal
engineering or architectural training.
• There are 7 persons living inside the house which
include:
I. The owner of the house who is male and 34 years
old.
II. The wife of the owner of the house who is 32
years old.
III. Three children aged 5-years, 3-years, and a 6-
month old infant.
IV. A 72-year old female.
V. A 40 year old male who is wheelchair bound.
• Most of the furnishing of the house is either wooden
or plastic in construction.
 Have learners write on a sheet of paper how
founding the house on stilts affects the
vulnerability of the house, its occupants and
contents to the following hazards.
I. Strong ground shaking due to an earthquake
II. An fire starting from the stove in the kitchen
III. Flood due to continuous and heavy rains
IV. Strong winds from Signal 3 or stronger
typhoon.
Have learners summarize their answers
using the form as attached. A sample
with the most common answers is given
below. This can also be used as the
basis for a solution key. Given learners
15 minutes to fill out the table.
Questions:
1. Does house have any of the
characteristic features such the presence
of soft story, or the potential for
resonance of the structure with the
strong ground motions of the earthquake?
Is there a possibility of the house
pounding an adjacent house given that it
is founded on stilts.
2. How does founding the
house on stilts affect the ease
by which the occupants can
evacuate the house during a
typhoon, fire, flood, or
earthquake?
3. How does founding the house
on stilts affect the ease by which
the contents of the house,
including the furniture and
appliances, can be moved to a
safer location.
EVALUATION
Have each learner answer the following two
questions:
1.Does putting the raising of the house together with
its occupants and contents, make it overall more
vulnerable considering it is exposed to earthquake,
fire, flood and typhoon hazards? Why or why not?
2.Suggest a measure that can be done to reduce the
vulnerability of the house, its occupants or its
contents to each of the four hazards it is exposed
to.