DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION 2

APPLICATIONS OF FIRST
ORDER D.E.
LAW OF NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

“The rate of change of y is

proportional to the value of y
present”

where: k = relative growth constant

t = time
LAW OF NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

 APPLICATIONS
 POPULATION GROWTH
o Unrestricted population growth
 RADIOACTIVE DECAY
o Satisfies the Law of Natural Decay
 BANK ACCOUNTS
o Continuous compounding problems
LAW OF NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

PROBLEM 7:
If the growth rate of the amount of yeast
at any time is proportional to the amount
present at that time and doubles in 1
week, how much yeast can be expected
after 2 weeks?

Ans. 4 times as much

MODE->STAT->5(e^x)
LAW OF NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

PROBLEM 8:
If wet laundry loses half of its
moisture during the first 5 minutes of
drying in a dryer and if the rate of
loss of moisture is proportional to the
moisture content, when will the laundry
practically dry, say, when will it have
lost 95% of its moisture?
Ans. 22 minutes
LAW OF NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

PROBLEM 9:
A population of a certain community is
found to increase proportional to the
square root of the population present.
The current population is 1 million. In
five years, the population is 3 million.
Find the population 10 years from now.

A. 4M B. 5M C. 6M D. 7M
LAW OF NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

PROBLEM 9.1:
A strain of bacteria growing on your desktop
doubles every 5 minutes. Assuming that you
start with only one bacterium, how many
bacteria could be present at the end of 96
minutes?
LAW OF NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

PROBLEM 9.2:
A certain type of bacteria, given a favorable
growth medium, doubles in population
every 6.5 hours. Given that there were
approximately 100 bacteria to start with, how
many bacteria will there be in a day and a half?
SHIFTED NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

“The rate of change of y is

proportional to the value of y along
with some other constant growth/decay
rate”

where: k = relative growth constant

c = constant growth/decay
SHIFTED NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

 POPULATION GROWTH WITH

IMMIGRATION
 Population increases or decreases
at an additional constant rate

Ex. “assume the population of a city

satisfies the law of natural growth
and in addition, approximately 1000
people move into the city per year”
SHIFTED NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

PROBLEM 10:
Central City has a current population of
500 thousand people with a growth rate of
0.05. Over the next 5 years, due to the
super villains attacking the city, people
are leaving the city at a rate of
0.1+e^0.06t thousand people per year,
where t is the number of years from today.
Find the population after 3 years.
Ans. 580 thousand people
SHIFTED NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

PROBLEM 10.1:
Sabah has a population of 1.5 million in
2000. Assume that its population is
growing continuously at 4% per year and
that there is a net addition of 50000
people every year due to migration. What
will be its population in 2020?
SHIFTED NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

 NEWTON’S LAW OF COOLING

“The rate of change of temperature of
an object is proportional to the
difference between the object and
surrounding temperature.”

where:
T = final temp. k = cooling constant
Ts = temp. of surrounding t = time
To = initial temp.
SHIFTED NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

• PROBLEM
  11:
A thermometer reading 10C is brought
into a room whose temperature is 23C.
Two minutes later, the thermometer
reading is 18C. How long will it take
until the reading is practically 23C,
say, 22.8C?

Ans. 8.74mins.
SHIFTED NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

PROBLEM 12:
A turkey is removed from an oven when
it has reached an internal temperature
of 165 deg F. After 20minutes, the
turkey probe reads 150 deg F. The
temperature in the room is 65 deg F.
What will be the temperature of the
turkey after 50 minutes?
Ans. 131.61 deg F
SHIFTED NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

PROBLEM 12.1:
The body of a murder victim was discovered
at 11:00 pm. At 11:30 pm the victims body
temperature was measured to be 94.6°F. After
1 hr, the body temperature was 93.4 °F. The
room where the body was found at a constant
temperature of 70 °F. Assuming that Newton’s
Law of cooling is applicable and assuming
that the normal human body temperature is 37
°C, the time of death was approximately
8:30pm. PROVE!
SHIFTED NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

 ADDING/REMOVING ONEY FROM BANK

ACCOUNTS
 Assuming an account grows with a
certain annual rate r compounded
continuously, and additional money
is deposited or withdrawn at a
continuous rate
where: k=rate of interest
c = money deposited or
withdrawn per unit time
SHIFTED NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

PROBLEM 13:
Barry deposited money in a bank account
at a rate of about P5000 per year, and
the account earns interest of 3%
compounded continuously. Barry’s
principal money is P50,000. Assuming he
doesn’t make any withdrawals, how much
money is in the account after 5 years?
Ans. P85,064.09
SHIFTED NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

•
  MIXING/FLOW PROBLEMS
Rin

Rout

Where:
= rate of change of
substance in the mixture
Cin, Cout = concentration entering/leaving
, = volume flow rate entering/leaving
SHIFTED NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

PROBLEM 14:
In a room containing 20,000cu.ft of air,
600cu.ft of fresh air flows in per
minute, and the mixture(made practically
uniform by circulating fans) is exhausted
at a rate of 600cu.ft per minute. After
what time will 90% of the air be fresh?
A. 55mins. C. 77mins.
B. 66mins. D. 88mins.
SHIFTED NATURAL GROWTH AND
DECAY

PROBLEM 15:
A tank initially contains 100L of
water. A solution with a salt
concentration of 0.4kg/L is added at a
rate of 5L/min. The solution is kept
mixed and is drained from the tank at a
rate of 3L/min. Find the amount of salt
in the tank after 20 minutes.
Ans. 32kg
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

 SERIES RL/RC CIRCUITS

SERIES RL CIRCUIT: SERIES RC CIRCUIT:
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

PROBLEM 16:
An RL circuit has an emf given (in
volts) by 4sint, a resistance of 100
ohms, an inductance of 4H, and no
initial current. Find the current 0.1
seconds after the switch was turned on.
Ans. 2.5mA
APPLICATIONS OF SECOND
ORDER D.E.
APPLICATIONS OF SECOND ORDER
D.E.

 ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Using Kirchoff’s Voltage Law:

In terms
of charge:

In terms
of current:
APPLICATIONS OF SECOND ORDER
D.E.

• PROBLEM
  17:
An RLC circuit connected in series has
R = 10ohms, C = F, L=0.5H, and an
applied voltage of E=12V. Assuming no
initial current and no initial charge
at t=0, find the current at t=0.2s.

Ans. I = 0.55A
APPLICATIONS OF SECOND ORDER
D.E.

 SPRING PROBLEMS
Using Newton’s second law of motion:
APPLICATIONS OF SECOND ORDER
D.E.

•PROBLEM
  18:
A 10-kg mass is attached to a spring,
stretching it 0.7m from its natural
length. The mass is started in motion
from the equilibrium position with an
initial velocity of 1m/s in the upward
direction. Find the subsequent motion, if
the force due to air resistance is -90N.
Ans.
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