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Fixed-tube-sheet 1-2 Exchanger

Removable-bundle Exchangers

Advantages
• Tube bundle can be pulled out to facility cleaning the
tubeside and shellside.
• Can prevent the expansion problem
Tube-sheet Layouts and Tube Counts

Tubes are not usually laid out symetrically in the sheet. Extra entry space is usually allowed in
the shell by omitting tubes directly under the inlet nozzle so as to minimize the contraction
effect of the fluid entering the shell
• When tubes are laid out with minimum space allowances
between partitions and adjoining tubes and within a diameter
free of obstruction called the outer tube limit, the number of
tubes in the layout is the tube count.
• These tube counts include a free entrance
path below the inlet nozzle equal to the cross-
sectional area of the nozzles shown in tables
down below.
U-bend Exchangers
This type of Heat
Exchanger make the tubes
can expand freely,
Eliminating the need for a
floating tube sheet,
floating head cover,
Shell flange, and
removable shell cover.

Employs a double
stationary tube sheet
and is used
When the leakage of
one fluid stream into
the other at
The tube roll can can
cause serious corrosion
damage
Tubular Exchangers Manufacturers
Associations (TEMA)
• TEMA is a set of standards that were
developed by leading shell and tube
manufacturers.
• One of the advantages of selecting a shell &
tube manufacturer that builds to TEMA
specifications is that the end-user is assured
that they will receive and install a piece of
equipment that is built to certain
specification’s and criteria
• TEMA designations refer to portions of the
unit that make up the complete heat
exchanger.
• Example : Type BEM would have the “B”
representing the front head, the “E” the core
or middle section and “M” representing the
rear head designs.
TEMA Designs
Straight Tube and Fixed Tube Sheet: Types BEM,
AEM, NEN, etc

• This design is the simplest design and most economical


in most cases. The tube sheet is welded to the shell
and heads are bolts to the tube sheet.

• Advantages:
-Less costly than removable bundle designs.
-Capable of multiple pass designs.
• Limitations:
-Shell side can only be cleaned by a chemical solution.
-No ability to absorb thermal expansion between the
outer shell and tube bundle
Removable Bundle, Pull Through Floating
Head: Type AET, BET etc.
• These designs are best for applications when frequent tube
bundle removal is necessary as the floating head is bolted
directly to the floating tube sheet. This allows the bundle to
be pulled complete, with the head.
• Advantages:
-Floating head allows for thermal expansion
- Shell side can be inspected or mechanically cleaned
- Provide a large shell side nozzle entrance area for proper
distribution over the bundle
- Multiple tube side passes available
- Suitable for volatile or toxic fluids
Removable Bundle, U-tube: Type BEU,
AEU etc.
• This design is best suited for maximum thermal expansion
applications. Each tube has the ability to expand and contract
independently. This design is suitable for high thermal shock
applications. U-tube bundles are very economical.

• Advantages:
- The U-tube design not only allows for differential thermal
expansion between the shell and tube bundle, but also each tube
individually.
- Shell side can be inspected and cleaned
- Least costly design for removable bundles
- Multiple tube side passes are available
- Capable of handling high thermal shock applications
- Bundle can be removed from one end for cleaning or replacement
THE CALCULATION OF SHELL AND
TUBE EXCHANGER
1. Diameter Equivalent
a. Square pitch
b. Triangular pitch
2. The shell side area
𝐼𝐷 𝑥 𝐶 ′ 𝐵
𝑎𝑠 = 𝑓𝑡 2
𝑃𝑇 𝑥 144
3. Mass velocity
𝑊
𝐺𝑠 = 𝑙𝑏/ ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡 2
𝑎𝑠
4. Nre
𝐷𝑒 𝑥 𝐺𝑠
𝑁𝑟𝑒 =
𝜇
5. Heat transfer factor
JH (figure 28)
6. Heat transfer coefficient
1
𝑘 𝑐𝜇 3 𝜇 0.14
ℎ𝑜 = 𝐽𝐻 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝐷𝑒 𝑘 𝜇𝑤
EXAMPLE 7.1
Compute the shell side equivalent diameter for
a ¾ in OD tube on 1-in square pitch
2
3,14 𝑥 0,75
4 𝑥 (12 − )
𝑑𝑒 = 4 = 0,95 𝑖𝑛
3,14 𝑥 0,75

0,95
𝐷𝑒 = = 0,079 𝑓𝑡
12

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