You are asked to decide whether the apparent decrease in viscosity in ball-point

pen ink during writting result from “Shear thinning” (decrease in viscosity because
Of non-Newtonian Effect) or “Temperature Thinning” (decrease in viscosity because
of temperature rise caused by viscous heating). If the temperature rise is less than
1 Kelvin , then “temperature thinning” will not be important. Estimate the
temperature rise using Eq. 10.4-9 ang the following estimated data

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Rumus Umum
Keterangan
Rumus
T ( Suhu Estimasi)
To (Suhu Awal)
Tb (Suhu Akhir)
Br (Brinkman Number )
X (Jarak sepanjang x)
B (Jarak outer ball ke lapisan
terluar)
Clearance between ball-point and holding cavity
5 x 10-5 inch

Diameter of Ball
1 mm
Viscosity of Ink
.

104 cp

Speed of Writing

100 in./min
Thermal Conductivity of Ink
5 x 10-4 cal/s.cm.c
 Here the dimensionless Brinkm
𝜇𝑣𝑏 2
an Number Br =
𝑘(𝑇𝑏−𝑇0 )

Insert the Brinkman Number

1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
T – T0 = 𝐵𝑟 (1− ) (Tb – T0) + ( )( Tb – T0)
2 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏

1 𝜇𝑣𝑏 2 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
T – T0 = (1− ) (Tb – T0) + ( )( Tb – T0)
2 𝑘(𝑇𝑏−𝑇0) 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏

1 𝜇𝑣𝑏 2 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
T – T0 = (1− ) + ( )( Tb – T0)
2 𝑘 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
 If the temperature rise is less than 1 Kelvin , then
“temperature thinning” will not be important

ΔT ~ 0
ΔT = Tb – T0 1 𝜇𝑣𝑏 2 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
T – T0 = (1− ) + ( )(0)
0 = Tb – T0 2 𝑘 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏

Tb = T0 1 𝜇𝑣𝑏 2 𝑥 𝑥
T – T0 = 1−
2 𝑘 𝑏 𝑏
 At x = b/2 the temperature rise attain its maximum

1 𝜇𝑣𝑏 2 𝑥 𝑥
T – T0 = 1−
2 𝑘 𝑏 𝑏

1 𝜇𝑣𝑏 2 𝑏 1 𝑏 1
. . 1− . 1 𝜇𝑣𝑏 2
2 𝑘 2 𝑏 2 𝑏
T – To = 8 𝑘
1 𝜇𝑣𝑏 2 𝑏 1 𝑏 1
. . 1− .
2 𝑘 2 𝑏 2 𝑏
 1 𝜇𝑣𝑏 2
T – To = 8 𝑘

104 𝑥 0.01 𝑔 (100 𝑥 2.54ൗ 𝑐𝑚/𝑠) 2

1 𝑐𝑚. 𝑠 60
T – To =
8 (5 𝑥 10−4 𝑥 4.18410 𝑥 107 𝑔. 𝑐𝑚 . 𝐾
𝑠3

T – To =
0.011 𝐾
Section Break
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