OVERHAUL MANUAL

TRANSMISSION
 HISTORY

French inventors Louis-Rene Panhard and Emile Levassor are credited

with the development of the first modern manual transmission. They
demonstrated their three-speed transmission in 1894 and the basic
design is still the starting point for most contemporary manual
transmissions.
Improved design
Panhard and Levassor used a chain drive on their original transmission.
In 1898 auto maker Louis Renault used their basic design, but
substituted a drive shaft for the drive chain and added a differential
axle for the rear wheels to improve performance of the manual
transmission.
Time Frame
By the beginning of the 20th century most cars manufactured in the United States featured
a non-synchronized manual transmission based on the Panhard/Levassor/Renault design.
The next major innovation occurred in 1928 when Cadillac introduced the synchronized
manual transmission, which significantly reduced gear grinding and made shifting smoother
and easier.
Types
Manual transmissions were the standard on most vehicle for the first half of the 20th century,
but automatic transmissions were being developed as far back as 1904. General Motors
introduced the clutchless automatic transmission under the moniker, Hydra-Matic, in 1938,
but the first true fully automatic transmission didn't appear until 1948 with the Buick
Dynaflow transmission.
Geography
Americans tend to prefer automatic transmission in their vehicles while Western
Europe is--and is expected to remain--the largest market for manual transmissions
through 2014. Eastern Europe and Asia are also large markets for manual
transmission although Japan appears to be embracing more automatic
transmissions. In the United States, more manual transmissions are found in the
Northern states than in the Southern states. It is surmised that manual
transmissions give better control on icy roads and are thus more useful in the
North where the winters are more harsh
Many people grew up driving manual vehicles because at one time manual
transmissions were more widely available than automatic transmission vehicles,
which were introduced to the market several decades after the invention of the
automobile. Drivers who are accustomed to manual transmission may instinctively
gravitate towards manual transmission vehicles because they are more familiar
than automatic transmissions.
Over the past several decades, automatic transmission vehicles have quickly
become the norm for those learning to drive. Therefore, fewer people know how
to operate the stick shift for a manual transmission vehicle. Are there advantages
to knowing how to operate a stick shift, or are the skills required for manual
transmission becoming less important over time?
Let's examine the differences between the two types of transmission to see if
there are any distinct advantages of either automatic or manual
transmission.

The Driving Differences

The most notable difference between an automatic and manual
transmission is the degree of driver engagement. A manual transmission
requires the driver to be engaged in shifting the gears, while an automatic
transmission changes gears on behalf of the driver.
There is often a learning curve with a manual transmission, especially for new
drivers. When driving a manual transmission vehicle, the driver is required to
coordinate between the clutch, throttle, and gears in order to properly
operate the car.
For an automatic transmission, the driver must simply put the vehicle in drive
and the vehicle automatically coordinates between the clutch, throttle,
and gears. The driver may therefore focus solely on maintaining the
appropriate speed and staying alert on the road.
 IMPORTANCE

The Advantages of Automatic Transmission

Though the automatic transmission won't provide the same
feeling of vehicle control that manual transmission drivers
experience, automatic transmission vehicles offer a simpler
interface that new drivers may feel more comfortable with. In
a manual transmission vehicle, new drivers not only need to
learn to drive, but how to operate a stick shift. In an automatic
transmission vehicle, the learning curve is simplified by the
elimination of the stick shift.
An automatic transmission allows a new driver to pay more attention to the
road, rather than becoming distracted by the extra components of a stick
shift. Plus, certain driving conditions, like stop-and-go traffic or going up hills,
are easier with an automatic transmission vehicle.
Simplicity and peace of mind are major selling points for automatic
transmission vehicles, making automatic transmissions the preferred vehicles
of parents and families. Studies have shown lower stress rates in drivers of
automatic transmissions. By contrast, drivers of stick shift vehicles display
higher heart rates than drivers of automatic transmissions.
The Advantages of Manual Transmission
Although manual transmissions may seem like extra work, there
are numerous advantages of learning how to drive a stick shift.
Many manual transmission drivers prefer a manual transmission
because it gives the driver a feeling of being in control of the
vehicle. In an automatic transmission vehicle, the torque
converter pushes the vehicle forward. Manual transmission
vehicles do not have a torque converter. For this reason,
manual transmission drivers are able to use the momentum of
the engine to slow the vehicle down and brake more easily.
Manual transmissions also offer improved gas
mileage. Depending on road conditions and
driving habits, a manual transmission vehicle
can consume 5-15% less fuel than a similar
automatic transmission vehicle. If the driver
operates the vehicle efficiently, the driver will
save money on fuel over time.
PARTS AND FUNCTIONS

INPUT SHAFT- It is an assembly of parts that is responsible for

transmitting the power produced by the engine to a live axle. The
transmission is necessary because your car's engine operates at a
high rotational speed
3-4SYNCHRONIZER-In automobiles, a
synchronizer is part of a synchromesh
manual transmission that allows the
smooth engagement of gears. In
aerial warfare, a synchronizer is a
device that permits an automatic
weapon to fire between the blades of
a revolving propeller.
SHIFT FORK-A shift fork is a
forked end metal lever that
straddles a manual transmission
gear shaft. Its purpose is to slide
gears into or out of
engagement with other gears
in order change from one gear
ratio to another in a manual
transmission.
GEARSHIFT- Automatic
transmission uses sensors to
determine when it should shift
gears, and changes them using
internal oil pressure. ... The
gears inside an eight-speed
automatic transmission, along
with the impeller and turbine
inside the torque converter on
the left
OUTPUT SHAFT- An output
shaft is the part coming out
of an engine that operates
the accessories or transmits
the engine's power. This can
drive the transmission orthe
alternator. Typically, an
output shaft is terminology
used in small engines or farm
machinery.
IDLER GEAR- A
gear used in the
transmission to
produce a
reverse rotation of
the transmission
output shaft
 1-2 synchronizer- In
aerial warfare, a
synchronizer is a
device that permits an
automatic weapon to
fire between the
blades of a revolving
propeller
Counter shaft - A counter
shaft is a manual transmission
shaft driven by the clutch
shaft and its input gear. The
counter shaft rotates in a
direction counter to engine
rotation.
 Shift rod- The
shift rod connects to the
transmission and
operates the gear
selector. These provide a
smoother, tighter shifting
experience.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

BY: WARLOVE