How to construct

sentences?
Content

 What is a sentence
 Present tense
 Past tense
 Future tense
What is a sentence?

 A collection of words that convey sense or meaning and

is formed according to the logic of grammar
 A combination of a clause, with a single subject and
predicate
Eg:
The pen is mightier than the sword
She goes to library to study
 Through sentences one can communicate effectively
Tense of a sentence

 Present simple Simple Tenses

 Past simple
 Future simple
 Present perfect
 Past perfect Perfect Tenses
 Future perfect
 Present continuous
 Past continuous Continuous tenses
 Future continuous
 First Person Singular and Plural

First person singular First person Plural

 I like cheese  We read everyday

Person Subjective Objective Possessive Absolute

case case case possessive
pronouns

First person I Me My Mine

singular

First person We Us Our Ours

plural
 Second person

Person Subjectiv Objective Possessive Absolute

e case case case possessive
pronouns

2nd You You Your yours

person
singular
2nd You You your yours
person
plural
Example
Singular Plural

 She likes you.  These are yours.

 Third Person singular
Subjectiv Objectiv Possessiv Absolute
e case e case e possessiv
Adjectiv e
e pronoun
He He Him His His

She She Her Her Hers

It It It its its
Third person plural

Subjecti Objecti Possessi Absolut

ve case ve case ve e
adjectiv
e

They Them Their Theirs

Simple Present Tense

 Used to describe routines, habits, daily activities and general truths

 Activity 1
 Make a list of things you do every day as a routine (5 sentences)

I have breakfast at 7.

I go to work at 9.

I have lunch at 12.

I go home at 5.
Simple present tense
 Positive form
 Subject + Verb + Object
 I prefer coffee
 She cooks rice
 Negative form
 Subject + do not / Does not +
Verb
 I do not like coffee
 She does not like coffee
 Question form
 Do/ Does + Subject + Verb?
 Do we like coffee?
 Does she like coffee?
 Short answer form
 Do not/ Does not + Subject +
Verb?
 Do not you like coffee?
 Does not she like coffee
Activity 02

1. My friend helps me. 1. I do not like mathematics.

2. Teacher talks to his students 2. He does not fall in the category
regularly. of eligible candidates for a job.
3. I walk daily early in the morning. 3. The garden does not look
attractive.
4. They discuss literature with each
other. 4. He does not attend his class
regularly.
5. She takes exercise regularly.
5. They do not talk to each other.
 Do you like Mathematics?
 Does he belong to Rome?
 Do they perform their duties honestly?
 Does he attend his class regularly?
 Does she take exercise daily?
 The sun sets in the west.
 David cleans his room everyday.
writing

 What do you want to achieve in your life? What are you doing currently to
reach that target? Write a paragraph.
Complete the sentences using the correct
verbs in the correct form
 Close, drink, drive, help, make, phone, rise teach, tell, come
1. You can see that the sun always………. In the east.
2. She usually……….. The truth if she can.
3. The shops …………..at 5.30 p.m. most days.
4. Janet ………… from Madrid, I think.
5. My friend often ………… mistakes in her homework.
6. Mrs. Logan ……………. Italian to beginners.
7. He ……………… a car, doesn’t he?
8. Tim …………..his girlfriend everyday when he is away.
9. I sometimes …………….my brother with his Maths.
10. My grandparents ……………tea at least two times a day.
Make these sentences into a question,
starting with Do or Does.
1. He pays his bills every three months
2. Your friends agree with you
3. His friends and relatives send him cards at Christmas
4. I need to see the dentist twice a year.
Make these sentences negative

1. I work for a large company

2. Peter writes to his parents every week
3. We often eat chocolate in the evening
4. The old man always swims in the sea before lunch
Make questions

1. Johnny Depp/ work/ as a computer programmer?

2. Usain Bolt/ play/ cricket?
3. When/ Barack Obama/ live?
4. Queen Elizabeth/ live/ in New York?
5. Mother Theresa/ help/ poor people?
Complete the text

 Live, finish, get home, get to work, get up, go, to work, have breakfast, leave,
write
 My name is Alan. I’m from England, but I live in Tokyo. I’m journalist. I
……………for an English language magazine and I …………….about life in
Japan. I …………early at 7 o’clock, ………….and ………….home at 7.45. I
………….an hour later. My home is very far from my office. I ………..work at 5
o’clock.
Convert into negative form and question
form
1. I learn English.
2. He plays the guitar.
3. They sing songs.
4. Mother cooks rice and curry.
5. Ishan writes a letter.
6. She washes her clothes.
7. We watch movies during weekend.
8. She can speak French.
9. They eat pizza.
10. He lives with his father.
Fill in the blanks with simple present tense
1. I …..(get) up at 6. a.m.
2. My father ……(read) the news paper in the morning.
3. My elder sister …….(watch) the dishes.
4. Many friends ……..(visit) us.
5. We …..(obey)our parents.
6. Our dog ……(bark) in the night.
7. My younger sister ………(sing) well.
8. My father ………(go) to his office at 8 o’clock.
9. We ………(have) dinner at 9 o’ clock.
10. My elder brother …….(play) cricket well.
Use the words given to complete the
interview below
 Do you get up, do you leave, do you go, do you get, do you get, do you enjoy, do
you finish, do you get, do you go
Alan: so, tell me about your typical day. What time……….?
Paul: I get up early at seven o’clock.
Alan: what time …………home?
Paul: After I take a shower and have breakfast, I leave home at eight o’clock.
Alan: How……….to work?
Paul: I go by train. My office is very far from my home.
Alan: what time ……….to work?
Paul: I get to work 90 minutes later, at half past nine.
Alan: …………….your work?
Paul: yes, I do. I meet a lot of interesting people.
Alan: what time………….?
Paul: I finish work at seven o’clock. It’s a long day.
Find whether your friend does these
things
 Arguing with your friends
 Skip breakfast
 Hate ice-cream
 Always online
 Like politics
 Give money to beggars
 Collect coins
 Take daily vitamins
 Love horror movies
 Spend money on useless things
Usage of simple present tense

 Something which is true or factual

 One plus one equals two.

 Describing feelings and senses

 I feels very cold
 Giving instructions, directions or demonstrations
 Open the box on the table
 Media (newspapers, radio announcements, television broadcasts)
 Earthquake hits New Zealand.

 After “when” or “if” form

 I like to travel when it is sunny
 Timetables
 The train leaves at midnight
Simple Past Tense

 Used to talk about a completed action in a time before now

 He died last year

 He lived in Jaffna

 They crossed the border yesterday

 People lived in caves a long time again

 Affirmative  Interrogative
 Subject + Verb + ed  Did + Subject + Verb?
 I skipped  Did she arrive?

 Negative  Interrogative negative

 Subject + did not + Verb  Did not + Subject + Verb
 They did not go  Didn’t you go?
Common irregular verbs

Infinitive Simple Past build built Built

past participle
Be Was/were Been burst burst burst

Beat beat Beaten buy bought bought

catch caught Caught

begin began begun
choose chose Chosen
bet bet Bet

blow blew blown come came Come

break broke Broken cost cost Cost

bring brought brought cut cut cut

deal dealt Dealt find found found

Do did Done fly flew Flown

draw drew Drawn forget forgot Forgotten

drink drank Drunk freeze froze Frozen

drive drove Driven give gave Given

Eat ate Eaten go went gone

fall fell Fallen grow grew Grown

feed fed Fed hang hung Hung

feel felt Felt have had had

fight fought fought hear heard heard

hide hid Hidden light lit Lit

hit hit Hit lose lost Lost

held held held make made made

Keep kept kept mean meant Meant

know knew Known meet met Met

lay laid laid pay paid paid

lead led Led Put put Put

leave left Left read read read

lend lent lent ride rode Ridden

let let let ring rang rung

rise rose Risen shut shut shut

run ran Run sing sang Sung

say said said sink sank sunk

see saw Seen sit sat Sat

sell sold sold sleep slept Slept

send sent sent slide slid Slid

set set set speak spoke Spoken

shake shook shaken sweep swept Swept

steal stole stolen swim swam Swum

shine shone shone swing swung swung

take took taken win won Won

teach taught Taught write wrote written

tear tore Torn

tell told Told

think thought thought

throw threw Thrown

understan understoo Understoo

d d d

wake woke Woken

wear wore Worn

weave wove woven

Activity 03

1. I walked
2. You walked
3. I went Japan last year
4. He went there last night
5. We gave her a doll
6. I ate dinner
7. He worked hard
8. She watched TV last night
9. He boiled water
10. She waited
Activity 04 - homework

Write a diary from today to next

week. Describe what you did
throughout the whole day.
Activity 05

 Make five questions about a day in the past.

 Share it with your friend and make questions from the sentenses
 Eg:
 Did you spill your coffee yesterday?
 No, I didn’t spill my coffee yesterday.

 Divide into two groups and select 3 couples from each group. Then
arrange a dialogue between each couple. Act it out in front of the class
room and the other group should describe what they acted there.
Usage of past tense

 Actions finished in the past (yesterday/ last Sunday/ last year/ few minutes ago/ several
months ago)
 I visited Zoo last week
 He watched TV last night
 To describe a sequence of actions. This is often done while narrating events
 She hid herself in a corner and watched his actions.
 He locked the door, turned on the kettle and went to shower.
 Regular verbs end with an “–ed”
 The children performed well on the stage.
 Bill cycled to school yesterday
 Irregular verbs have different endings
 See – saw
 Run - ran
Future tense

 A tense expressing an action that has not yet happened or a state that
that does not exist
 Usage
 Action or condition that will begin and end in the future
 Subject + will + verb + Object  Will + Subject + Verb
 She will read that book  Will he finish this?
 He will learn the lesson  Will he learn the lesson?


 Subject + will not + Verb  Will not + Subject + Verb
 She will not read that book  Will not he ask?
 He will not learn the lesson  Will not he write back?
Activity

 Write 10 sentences about “ My dream job”.

 Where will you be in 20 years? Describe in 10 sentences.
Thank you