“Case Study of a

Child Age
3 years old ”.
Chanel green
Edu 220/ spring 2019
10/17/2019
 •Physical Development: Hand & Eye
coordination, body characteristics & motor
skills
•Emotional Development: Sensitive, gets
frustrated easily & independent
Overview of 3- •Cognitive/ Intellectual Development :
intrigued by different objects & learning to
year-old form sentences
observation •Psychosocial/Social Development: likes
to make new friends, having trouble
sharing toys & empathetic
•Moral/Character Developments: Helper,
controlling moods & manners
 Physical Typical Behaviors

• Changes in body shape and structure

• Brain lateralization ( the process in which certain functions are located more in one hemisphere
than in the other, becomes more pronounced during preschool years).
• Sensory development
• Hand and eye coordination are coming together still learning how to kick and run at the same
time.
• Also has a hard time focusing when given instruction she understands what is being said but can't
put in motion what she's supposed to do takes time to connect to the brain.
• Developing sleep patterns
• Building a respiratory system

( Robert S Feldman, Child Development 5th ed 2010)


Describe the typical
developmental level according
to Snowman
(Snowman, J. & McCown, R.,
2013)
• Children enjoy being active and have good
control over their bodies. Have the child do
activities that can keep them in control of their
movements.
• Children don’t often realize that they need
downtime so make sure you schedule after a
very active activity.
• They do not have a very good eye and hand
coordination because their muscles are still
developing.
• Focusing on small objects can be challenging,
that’s why they make the children books in
large print, so it doesn’t put so much pressure
on their eyes. Because it's still in the developing
stages.
• Their physical and motor skills don’t develop
until kindergarten
Compare the characteristics/behaviors of the child
you observed to the typical development

•My observation on the 3-year-old child is that she is very independent likes to
do things on own her and figure how everything comes together. Started to get
into sports such as gymnastics and soccer so the hand and eye coordination is
coming together which is to be expected is her age range. And she is a little
taller than some of her friends, which means her bone is developing at the right
pace based on her the height of her parents. Her respiratory system is
developing nicely she's fully vegan and she doesn’t receive vaccines; her mom
also believes in natural medicine.
 • Make sure the child has a balanced
nutrition
• Do educational and activities to keep
their motor skills engage
Give • Create a sleep pattern that gives
recommendations for adequate sleep
continued • Do certain activities to keep their bones
development based strong, while they are still growing
on the resources for
your age child Robert S Feldman, Child Development
5th ed 2010
Include the resources given in correct APA
format for each of the points above

• Snowman, J., & McCown, R. R. (2015). Psychology applied to

teaching. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
• Ellsworth, J. A. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jde7/ese504/class/pepsi/PEPSIObserv/year
3.html
• https://www.webmd.com/parenting/3-to-4-year-old-milestones#1
• Feldman, R. S. (2010). Child development. Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Pearson Prentice Hall.
 Emotional Typical Behaviors

•Sensitivity ( being told no and when getting into trouble throws tantrums)
•Self-awareness ( understanding their feelings )
•Independence ( love to explore new things to see how they work and do
things on their own instead of asking for help).
•Jealousy ( loves to have the affection and attention of their teacher /parents
they seek approval, so if it's not on them they get frustrated and lash out).
Describe the • Kindergartens are more open and free
Emotional typical with their emotions
developmental level • Anger outburst
according to • Jealously
Snowman • Lavish recognition can make the child
resentful
(Snowman, J. & McCown, R., 2013) • Children analyze their behaviors ( being
aware of their feelings help them
control and accept what has happened).
Compare the characteristics/behaviors of the child
you observed to the Emotional Development

• My 3-year-old does show signs of jealousy when her mom is showing more
attention towards her baby bother than her. If she might throw a temper
tantrum if she doesn’t get her way, but that’s normal at that age but the
outburst doesn’t last that long. She doesn’t have a problem expressing how
she feels and why she’s feeling that way very open. Communicates very well
because her mom has established that open line of communication. She does
have a sensitive side when she knows she in trouble or her feelings are hurt.
 • Give the children a snack or naps to
decrease the temper tantrum’s
Give recommendations • Try to spread out attention evenly
for continued • Engage in conversations with your
child to help him/ her express feelings
development based the and emotions
resources for your age • Give your child the words he needs to
child express strong emotions

(Snowman, J. & McCown, R., 2013)

Schaefer, C. E., & DiGeronimo, T. F.
(2000)
APA Format Resource
• Emotional Development in Preschoolers. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-
stages/preschool/Pages/Emotional-Development-in-
Preschoolers.aspx.
• Schaefer, C. E., & DiGeronimo, T. F. (2000). Ages and stages: a parents
guide to normal childhood development. New York: John Wiley.
 Cognitive/Intellectual Typical Developments

• Have imaginary friends ( creates pretend friends to explore their imaginary

friends).
• Self-talk ( his/her way of practicing verbal communication)
• Ask questions ( wanting an answer)
• Speak in sentences of five to six words, and speak in complete sentences by
age 4
• Say his or her name and age
• Sort objects by shape and color

Schaefer, C. E., & DiGeronimo, T. F. (2000)

 Cognitive/Intellectual developmental level
according to Piaget and Vygotsky
Jean Piaget
• Children build their own knowledge based on
experiences
• Children learn things on their own without
influence from adults or older children.
• Piaget believed that people are driven to
organize their schemes to achieve the best
possible to their environment
• Peer interactions do more to spur cognitive
development than do interactions with adults.
Feldman, R. S. (2010).
Lev Vygotsky
• Vygotsky emphasizes social and cultural
influences on the child's developing mind
• Children construct their own knowledge
• Vygotsky considered language as an important
part in his theory because he conceived that the
language has a special role in cognitive
development
Feldman, R. S. (2010). Child development.
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall
 Compare the characteristics/behaviors of the
child you observed to the typical development

• Some of the characteristics that were being explained make perfect sense to
how my 3-year-old is developing as far as social interactions. When she's
with her friends you can see different sides of her that are more outgoing,
talkative and wants to learn new activities that help build cognitive
development. She does talk to herself when she playing alone but that helps
with her language development and helps her work on her sentence and word
structure. But also when she plays with her imaginary friends it tells a story
about how she feels, and she experiences with children.
 • Except your child to consider only
those solutions that fit his/her point of
view
Give recommendations • Recognize that self-talk is positive
for continued development step
development based the • Do different activities that help them
resources for your age stimulate their mind so they can learn
child better
• Point out new things so your child can
ask questions

https://www.healthline.com/health/piag
et-stages-of-development.
Cognitive/Intellectual Resources
• https://www.webmd.com/parenting/3-to-4-year-old-milestones#1
• Schaefer, C. E., & DiGeronimo, T. F. (2000). Ages and stages: a parents
guide to normal childhood development. New York: John Wiley.
• Admin. (2014, October 21). Difference Between Piaget and Vygotsky.
Retrieved from https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-
between-piaget-and-vs-vygotsky
• Marcin, A. (2018, March 29). Piaget Stages of Development: What Are
They and How Are They Used? Retrieved from
https://www.healthline.com/health/piaget-stages-of-development.
 Psychosocial/Social Typical Development

• Developing racial and ethnic awareness

• Gender identity
• Learning different social approaches
• Creating friendship
• Self concept ( thinking about the self )
• Likes to do things own their own

Psychosocial/Social
Typical
developmental level
according to Erikson
Snowman, J., & McCown, R. R.
(2015).
Robert S Feldman, Child
Development 5th ed 2010
Autonomy Vs Shame/ Doubt
•They need a degree of independence
•Children will develop self-doubt when they
feel shame from their parents
•Success leads to a feeling of autonomy
•Children sometimes underestimate their
abilities when they come across a task
•They soon learn how to control their
tempers
•Toddlers will be to explore their bodies and
ask questions
•They will start to relieve that they are
different from kids physically and try to
figure out who they are as a person
 Compare the characteristics/behaviors of the
child you observed to the Typical Development

• Some of the characteristics that were listed in this section are that I noticed
with the 3year old I was observing my 3-year-old, she notices that her skin
and hair are different from other kids. She is still learning how to control
emotion's but that will get better in time, still trying to understand her
feelings as they are happening. Also learning how to adapt to different social
settings and see how others communicate; when she is around other people
she likes to observe then go play.
Give
•Give the child space to do things by their
recommendations for selves
continued • praise your child on their
development based accomplishment's and any efforts they
the resources for put towards something that interest them
your age child •Try to give them encouraging words so
they won't be so down on when
something doesn’t go right
Schaefer, C. E., & DiGeronimo, •Let your child be open to different things
T. F. (2000). don’t confine them because of their
gender
Psychosocial/Social Resources
• Schaefer, C. E., & DiGeronimo, T. F. (2000). Ages and stages: a parents
guide to normal childhood development. New York: John Wiley.
• Snowman, J., & McCown, R. R. (2015). Psychology applied to
teaching. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
 Moral/Character/Philosophical Typical
Development

• Apologizes when he/ knows the have done something wrong

• Comforts friends if they are crying ( shows empathy)
• Manners
• Might have trouble telling the truth at first , but will come around once they mom/ dad isn’t
happy
• Open to meeting new friends ( no judging )
• Determine
• Brave
Moral/Character/ • “Good boy–nice girl orientation
Philosophical :“Your parents will be proud of you if
developmental level you are honest.” (The right action is
one that will impress others.) “
according to Kohlberg
• Law-and-order orientation: “It’s
against the law, and if we don’t obey
laws, our whole society might fall
Snowman, J., & apart.” (To maintain the social order,
McCown, R. R. (2015). fixed rules must be obeyed.)
 Compare the characteristics/behaviors of the
child you observed to the typical development

• She is starting to develop her manners saying please, thank you, your
welcome and may I. Sometimes she doesn’t tell the truth right away when she
spilled something on her and her mom asked who did it she blamed someone
else. Very open to meeting new friends where ever she goes, can be shy at first
but opens up after she's comfortable. Also becoming braver with certain things
she does like heights, trying new activities and even sleeping in her room.
 • Teach manners at a young age
• Boost their confidence
Give • Make them feel comfortable to open up
recommendations for to you
continued • Take your child to new places to
development based experiences
on the resources for • Tell them honesty is the best policy
your age child • Just be the best example to them so
they can grow up to be the best they
can be
Resources
• Snowman, J., & McCown, R. R. (2015). Psychology applied to
teaching. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.