Fundamental of M&E

• Atiqa Urfa
• Ramla Khalid
• Rubina Qadir
• Ahmer Ijaz
• Ayub Khan
• Owais Ahsan
Key Points
Monitoring
• Ongoing process
• Data collection at multiple
points throughout a program
• Continuous internal
management activity
• Ensures that project is on
track
• Measures progress towards
objectives
• Identifies problems
Evaluation
• Is not continuous process
• Data collection at the start
and end of a program
• Assessing whether a project
is achieving its intended
objectives
• Focuses on outcomes and
impacts
Definition
Monitoring
Performance monitoring

• a program or intervention involves the collection of

routine data that measure progress toward
achieving program objectives. It is used to track
changes in program performance over time. Its
purpose is to permit stakeholders to make informed
decisions regarding the effectiveness of programs
and the efficient use of resources.
Definition
Evaluation
Evaluation measures how well the program activities have
met expected objectives.
It is fundamentally an exercise to help decision-makers
understand how, and to what extent, a program is
responsible for particular, measured results
Types of Evaluations
Performance evaluation focuses on descriptive and
normative questions: what has a particular project or
program achieved; how it is being implemented; how is it
perceived and valued; are expected results occurring;
and other questions that are pertinent to program design,
management, and operational decision making.

• Performance evaluations often incorporate before-

after comparisons, but generally lack a rigorously
defined counterfactual.

• They involve the collection of data at the start of a

program (to provide a baseline) and again at the
end.
Types of Evaluations
Impact evaluation measures the change in a
development outcome that is attributable to a defined
intervention; impact evaluations are based on models of
cause and effect and require a credible and rigorously
defined counterfactual to control for factors other than
the intervention that might account for the observed
change.
• Impact evaluations in which comparisons are
made between beneficiaries that are randomly
assigned to either a treatment or a control group
provide the strongest evidence of a relationship
between the intervention under study and the
outcomes measured.
Why is M&E Important?
• Make informed decisions regarding program
operations and service delivery based on objective
evidence
• M&E provide objective evidence to inform decision
making
• Ensure the most effective and efficient use of
resources
• M&E produce information that can help convince
donors that their investments have been worthwhile or
that alternative approaches should be considered.
• Promoting accountability among project staff.
• Demonstrating the impact and success of your
project.
 Why do M&E
 To ensure effective and efficient use of
resources and provide accountability to
donors
 To assess whether the project has
achieved its objectives ‐
has the desired effects.
 Program improvement
 To learn from our activities, and provide
information to design future projects
 To make decisions about project
management and service delivery and
broader policy
M&E Plan
An M&E plan is a fundamental document that describes:
• A program’s objectives.
• The interventions developed to achieve these
objectives.
• The activities that will determine whether or not the
objectives are met.
• How the expected results of a program relate to its
goals and objectives.
• The data needed and how the data will be
collected, analyzed, and used.
• The resources required to conduct the plan.
• How the program will be accountable to
stakeholders.
Fundamental Steps to Carry out M&E
• Construct a logic model/logical frame and/or a
theory of change for your program
• Develop an M&E plan
• Select indicators
• Collect information on the selected indicators
• Analyze the information gathered
• Compare results with program initial goals,
objectives and LM
• Share/Use the data
Basic Logical Model
Evaluation Criteria
• Relevance
• Effectiveness
• Efficiency
• Impact
• Sustainability