CONCRETE MIX DESIGN as per ACI 211

Presented by Engr. Johar Hafeez

Department of Civil Engineering

University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar campus III Bannu

Concrete Mix Design as per ACI 211 1

 CONTENTS

Introduction to Mix Design

Mix Design step by step

Mix Design Example

Concrete Mix Design as per ACI 211 2

 Mix Design

• Design of concrete mixes involves determination of

the proportions of the given constituents namely,
cement, water, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate
with admixtures if any.

• Workability is specified as the important property

of concrete in the fresh state. For hardened state
compressive strength and durability will be
considered

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 MIX DESIGN

Selection of Concrete Proportions

 Proportions of materials for concrete shall be established to

provide: Workability and consistency to permit concrete to be
worked readily into forms and around reinforcement, without
segregation or excessive bleeding;

 Resistance to special exposures

 Conformance with strength test requirements

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Average Strength of Concrete Produced in the

Field

 In order to Ensure concrete strength developing in the

structure, Average strength of concrete produced in the
field should always exceed the specified value of fc′ used in
the structural design calculations

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 MIX DESIGN STEP BY STEP

1. Decide the slump

Table 3.1 Recommended Slumps For Various Types of Construction

Table 3.1 Slump
Type of Construction Maximum Minimum

Reinforced Footings 3 1
Plain Footings and substructure 3 1
walls
Beams and reinforced walls 4 1
Building Columns 4 1
Pavement and Slab 3 1
Mass Concrete 2 1
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 MIX DESIGN STEP BY STEP

2. Decide the maximum size of aggregate

Maximum size of aggregate should not exceed least of

 1/5 narrower dimension between forms

 1/3 depth of slab

 ¾ of clear spacing between reinforcing bars

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 MIX DESIGN STEP BY STEP

2. Decide the maximum size of aggregate

Current thought suggests that a reduced maximum

aggregate size for a given w/c ratio can achieve higher
strengths. Also, in many areas, the largest available sizes
are 3/4 in. to 1 in

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 MIX DESIGN STEP BY STEP
3A. Decide the amount of water and air
Table 3.2 Approximate Mixing Water and Air Content Requirements for
Different Slumps and Nominal Maximum Sizes of Aggregates

Water (Ib/yd3 of concrete for indicated nominal maximum sizes of aggregate)

Non Air Entrained Concrete
Max Size of Aggregate, in
Slump (in)
0.375 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00 6.00
1 350 335 315 300 275 260 220 190
2 350 335 315 300 275 260 220 190
3 385 365 340 325 300 285 245 210
4 385 365 340 325 300 285 245 210
6 410 385 360 340 315 300 270 --------
7 410 385 360 340 315 300 270 --------
Amount of
Entrapped 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.3 0.2
Air(%)

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 MIX DESIGN STEP BY STEP
3B. Decide the amount of water and air
Table 3.2 Approximate Mixing Water and Air Content Requirements for
Different Slumps and Nominal Maximum Sizes of Aggregates

Water (Ib/yd3 of concrete for indicated nominal maximum sizes of aggregate)

Air Entrained Concrete
Max Size of Aggregate, in
Slump(in)
0.375 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00 6.00
1 305 295 280 270 250 240 205 180
2 305 295 280 270 250 240 205 180
3 340 325 305 295 275 265 225 200
4 340 325 305 295 275 265 225 200
6 365 345 325 310 290 280 260 -----
7 365 345 325 310 290 280 260 -----
(Air Content %)
Mild Exposure 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1
Moderate Exposure 6 5.5 5 4.5 4.5 4 3.5 3
Extreme Exposure 7.5 7 6 6 5.5 5 4.5 4

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 MIX DESIGN STEP BY STEP

4. Select the W/C ratio and find Cement content

Table 3.3 Relationship Between Water/Cement Ratio and Compressive

Strength of Concrete
Water/Cement Ratio by Weight
Compressive Strength At 28 days
(psi) Nonair-entrained Air-entrained
Concrete Concrete
6000 0.41 -----

5000 0.48 0.4

4000 0.57 0.48

3000 0.68 0.59

2000 0.82 0.74

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 MIX DESIGN STEP BY STEP

5. Choose the amount of coarse aggregate (wt)

Table 3.4 Volume of Coarse Aggregate per Unit of Volume of Concrete

Max Size of Fineness Modulus of Sand

Aggregate,
in 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10

0.375 0.5 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43

0.50 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52

0.75 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.61 0.6 0.59

1.00 0.71 0.7 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.64

1.50 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.71 0.7 0.69 0.68

2.00 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.71

3.00 0.82 0.81 0.8 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.75

6.00 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.8

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6. Calculate the amount of fine aggregate

Table 3.5 First Estimate of Weight of Fresh Concrete (lb/yd3)

Max Size of Aggregate, in

Non air-entrained Concrete Air-entrained Concrete

0.375 3844 3690

0.50 3890 3760

0.75 3960 3840

1.00 4010 3900

1.50 4070 3960

2.00 4120 4000

3.00 4160 4040

6.00 4230 4120

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 MIX DESIGN STEP BY STEP

7. Adjust for moisture content in coarse and fine

aggregate

8. Results (Proportions and W/C ratio)

9. Trial Mix

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 MIX DESIGN Example

Design a concrete mix using the following details

Required strength: 4000 psi

Type of structure: Beam
Max size of aggregate: ¾ in.
Fineness modulus of sand: 2.6
Coarse Aggregate Weight:100 Ib/ft3
Moisture absorption for coarse aggregate 3%
Moisture absorption for fine aggregate 2 %

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 MIX DESIGN Example
Solution:

1. Decide the slump

Required slump for beams (Table 3.1) = 3 in

2. Decide the maximum size of aggregate

Maximum aggregate size (given) = ¾ in

3. Decide the amount of water and air

Weight of water required per cubic yard of concrete (Table 3.2)
= 340 Ib/yd3
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Solution:

4. Select the W/C ratio and find Cement content

 W/C ratio (Table 3.3) = 0.57
 Amount of cement = 340/.57 = 596.5 Ib/yd3

5. Choose the amount of coarse aggregate

Using a sand fineness value of 2.6 and Table3.4
 Volume of coarse aggregate = 0.64 (1yd3=27ft3)
 Weight of coarse aggregate = (0.64)*(27 ft3/yd3)*100
= 1728 Ib/yd3

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Solution:

6. Calculate the amount of fine aggregate

 Estimated weight of fresh concrete for aggregate of ¾ in.

maximum size (Table 3.5) = 3960 Ib/yd3

 Weight of sand = [weight of fresh concrete – weight of

(water + cement + coarse aggregate)

= 3960 – 340 – 596.5 – 1728 = 1295.5 Ib

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Solution:

7. Adjust for moisture content in coarse and fine

aggregate

 Net weight of sand = 1.02 * 1295.5 = 1321.41

Ib

 Net weight of gravel = 1.03 * 1728 = 1779.84

Ib

 Net weight of water = 340- 0.02*1295.5- 0.03*1728

= 262.25 Ib

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Solution:

8. Results Proportion = 1 : 2.2 : 3, W/C = 0.44

 Cement = 596.50 Ib
 Sand = 1321.41 Ib
 Gravel = 1779.84 Ib
 Water = 262.25 Ib

9. Trial Mix

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