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ELEMENTS AND
PRINCIPLES OF ART
ELEMENTS OF ART: VISUAL
In Science, In Art,
Elements are the building blocks of matter. Elements are the building blocks or the ingredients
of art.
Taking off from scientific reference, some Elements are the necessary preconditions of art.
examples of elements are,
To enumerate, the elements of art are,
IRON LINE
OXYGEN SHAPE AND FORM
SPACE
HYDROGEN COLOR
GOLD TEXTURE
HELIUM
LINE
Horizontal and vertical lines refer to the orientation of the line. Together, these lines communicate stability and firmness.
HORIZONTAL LINES
GEOMETRIC
POSITIVE AND
NEGATIVE SPACE
Usually identified with the white space
is the negative space. The positive
space, on the other hand, is the space
where the shadow is heavily used on.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL
SPACE
Three-dimensional space can be
simulated through a variety of
techniques such as shading. An illusion
of three-dimensional can be achieved in
a two-dimensional work.
COLOR VISION
When viewed in full size, this image contains about 16 million pixels, each
corresponding to a different color on the full set of RGB colors. The human eye can
distinguish about 10 million different colors.
COLOR
• Color is perhaps one of the elements that enhances the appeal of an
artwork. Its effect has range, allowing the viewer to make responses
based on memory, emotion, and instinct, among others.
• This element is a property of light, as it is reflected off the object. Color
is not intrinsic to an object and without light , one cannot perceive color.
• Much of what we know about color begins with the notion of a Color
Theory.
Color Theory that was first unraveled by the experiments undertaken by Sir Isaac Newton in 1666.
A ray of sunlight passing through a prism reveals an array of colors akin to that of a rainbow.
An upshot of the Color Theory is the creation of a color wheel.
COLOR WHEEL
a. HUE
b. VALUE
c. INTENSITY
HUE
One of the main properties of color. This dimension of color
gives its name.
Hue is the term for the pure spectrum colors commonly
referred to by the "color names".
Tint – this is the lighter color than the Shade – this is the darker color than the
normal value. (e.g., pink for red) normal value. (e.g., maroon for red)
INTENSITY
This is the color’s brightness or dullness. It is identified as the strength
of color, wether it is vivid or muted. To achieve a specific intensity of a
color, one may add either gray or its complimentary color.
INTENSITY
Bright or warm colors – positive energy Dull or cool colors – sedate/soothing,
seriousness or calm
COLOR HARMONIES
To better understand intensity of color, color harmonies are to
be considered. In interior design, we often hear designers refer to
color schemes — a guide for selecting not only wall paint but
also furniture and decor. However, color harmonies are also
intergral considerations not only for pictorial arts but also for
other art forms.
a. MONOCHROMATIC HARMONIES
Monochromatic harmonies –
use the variations of a hue. An
example is Claude Monet’s
“House of Parliament.”
When composers indicate an increase, or decrease in loudness, they use the terms
crescendo for the former; and decrescendo or diminuendo for the latter.
MELODY
Melody refers to the linear presentation
(horizontal) of pitch. By horizontal, it means that in
musical notation, it is read in succession from left to
right. Pitch is the highness or lowness of musical
sound.
TIMBRE
Scale
Scale pertains to the size in
relation to what is normal for the
figure or object in question.
Scale is the size of one object in
relation to the other objects in a
design or artwork.
Proportion
Proportion, on the other hand, is the size of the
components, or of objects in relation to one another
when taken as a composition or a unit.
Proportion has a very similar definition with scale
but tends to refer to the relative size of parts within
a whole. In this case, the whole can be a single object
like a person's face or the entire artwork.
For example, if you're painting a portrait of a dog
and a person, the dog should be at the correct scale
in relation to the person. The person's body (and the
dog's as well) should be in a proportion to what we
can recognize as a human being.
Leonardo da Vinci’s “Vitruvian Man” is an
exploration on the ideas of the Roman architect
Vitruvius, in which the human body is an example
of classical proportion in architecture. For Da
Vinci, man’s body can be used to better
understand the symmetry that exist in nature.