Exercise 1

Computer Hardware

1
 Objectives for Exercise 1

When you complete this exercise, you

will be able to:

2
 Identify, disconnect, and reconnect the
computer’s cables and cover.

 Identify the external connectors on a typical

personal computer.

 Identify and explain the purpose of the

major internal components.

3
Why Disassemble the Computer?

 To upgrade.
 To repair.
 To add to it.

4
 The three most important things
to remember when disassembling
a computer are:
 Document

 Document

Document!

5
 Document
 Where cards are located.
 How cables are routed.
 Orientation of cables and connectors.
 Hardware used to secure each component.
 Anything else that might cause confusion
when reassembling.

6
 Your greatest enemy when
working inside the computer is
Electrostatic Discharge
or ESD.

7
Your best defense against ESD is
the anti-static wrist strap.

8
An internal resistor provides
shock protection.

9
Switch off power at the computer
and at the workbench...

10
...but leave the computer plugged
in.

11
Use anti-static mats on the
workbench and floor.

12
Hold Circuit Boards by their Edges.

13
 Store Circuit
Boards in Anti-
static Bags.

14
Tips for Disassembly.

15
Turn off power to the computer
and everything connected to it.

16
Disconnect the monitor and set it
aside.

17
Disconnect the keyboard and set
it aside.

18
PS/2 Keyboard Connection

10101 10101

19
Disconnect the mouse and set it
aside.

20
PS/2 Mouse Connection

10101 10101

21
Remove these
screws...

22
... not these.

23
 1.

2.

24
Spreading the sides of the cover
will help it to clear the computer.

25
Removing the side panel.

2
3

1
26
27
The Motherboard.

28
 The Motherboard may also be
known as the:
 System Board
 Planar Board
 Baseboard

 Main Board
 Logic Board
29
The Power Supply.

30
Standard Power Supply

31
Power Selection Switch

32
 WARNING!
Hazardous voltages
contained within this
power supply, not user
serviceable. Return to
service center for repair.
Power Supply Connectors

34
Power Supply Output Voltages
AT-Type

 +5 Volts
 +12 Volts
 –12 Volts
 –5 Volts

35
Motherboard Power Connectors
Black
Wires

P9 P8

36
Power Supply Output Voltages
ATX-Type
 +5 Volts
 +12 Volts
 –12 Volts
 –5 Volts
 +3.3 Volts
37
ATX Power Connector

38
ATX Power Connector

39
Second P4 Motherboard
Power Connector
Supplies 12 Volts

40
Large Molex Connector

41
Berg Connector

42
Some connectors are held
in place with a latch.
43
Grasp the
connector
by the
shell…

Never by
the leads.

44
The CD-ROM Drive

45
The Hard Drive

46
47
Mother-
board

48
 Master
Hard Drive

49
 Slave
Hard Drive

50
 When installing ribbon cables
watch for:
 Cable should match connector.
 Pin 1 of cable to Pin 1 of connector.
 Missed columns or rows of pins.

51
52
1

53
Missed Row of Pins

54
Missed Row of Pins
55
Missed
Pins
56
The Floppy Drive

57
58
59
60
Mother-
board

61
5¼"
Drive 5¼"
Drive

62
3½"
Drive

3½"
Drive
63
 Drive B
Drive A “Before Twist”
“After twist”

64
1. Remove the screw.

65
2. Rock the board end to end...

66
... up and out of its socket.

67
The AGP Video Board

Video Board

AGP Slot

68
Field Replaceable Units (FRUs)

Units that can be replaced in the

field with common hand tools.

69
 Keep these tips in mind.
 Document everything.
 Shut off power.
 Protect against ESD—use antistatic wrist
strap.
 Grasp connectors by shells, not by leads.
 Never use force.
 Release latches on connectors.
 Rock boards end to end.
70
Now, it’s your turn.

71