A PRESENTATION ON

DESIGN AND FORCE

ANALYSIS OF SPUR GEAR
Presented by –
R.Manivannan
 SPUR GEARS
• In case of spur gears, the teeth are cut parallel to the axis of the
Shaft
• They are used only when the shafts are parallel.
• Spur gear impose radial loads on the shafts.
• Applications:-
i. Power plants
ii. Marine engines
iii. Mechanical clocks and watches
iv. Steel mills and Rolling mills
v. Automobile gear boxes
vi. Rack and pinion mechanisms
vii. Washing Machines
TERMINOLOGY OF SPUR GEAR
 TERMS USED IN SPUR GEARS

The following terms are related to spur gear:-

1. Pitch circle: It is an imaginary circle which by pure rolling
action, would give same motion as the actual gear.
2. Pitch circle diameter: It is the diameter of the pitch circle.
3. Pitch point: It is the common point of contact between two
pitch circles.
4. Pressure angle: It is the angle between common normal drawn
at the point of contact at the mating gear and the common
tangent at the pitch point.
5. Addendum: It is the radial distance of tooth from the pitch
circle to the top of the tooth.
6. Dedendum: It is the radial distance of tooth from the pitch
circle to the bottom of the tooth.
7. Addendum circle: It is the circle drawn through the top of
the teeth and concentric with the pitch circle.
8. Dedendum circle: It is the circle drawn through the bottom
of the teeth and concentric with the pitch circle.
9. Circular pitch: It is the distance measured on the
circumference of the pitch circle from a point of one tooth to
the point of adjacent tooth.
10. Diametral pitch: It is the ratio of the number of teeth to the
pitch circle diameter.
11. Module: It is the ratio pitch circle diameter to the number of
teeth on gear.
 DESIGN OF SPUR GEAR PAIR

• Design of spur gear pair includes:

1. Selection of tooth system.
2. Selection of no. of teeth on pinion & gear.
3. Selection of material for pinion and gear.
4. Selection of surface hardness for pinion & gear.
5. Selection of gear grade.
6. Estimation of module, face width, pitch circle diameter.
Standard Systems Of Gear Tooth
 SELECTION OF NO OF TEETH ON
PINION AND GEAR

zmin (theoretical) 32 17 11
zmin (practical) 27 14 9
 SELECTION OF MATERIAL
• The desirable properties of gear material are as follows:-
1. High load carrying capacity
2. The gear material should have sufficient strength to resist failure due to breakage of the
tooth.
3. The gear material should have sufficient surface endurance strength to avoid failure due to
destructive pitting.
4. Consistent thermal distortion.
5. Low coefficient of friction to avoid failure due to scoring.
• Gears are made up of cast iron, steel, bronze and phenolic resins.
FORCE ANALYSIS OF SPUR GEAR
BEAM STRENGTH OF GEAR TOOTH
ESTIMATION OF MODULE BASED
ON BEAM STRENGTH
WEAR STRENGTH OF
GEAR TOOTH
ESTIMATION OF MODULE BASED
ON WEAR STRENGTH
 GEAR TOOTH FAILURES
Gear tooth failure

Bending failure Wear failure

or breaking of or surface
teeth destruction

Scoring
Pitting Abrasive Corrosive
(Lubrication wear wear
(small holes)
failure)

Destructive
Initial pitting
pitting