MILITARY RADAR

SUBMITTED TO:
Mr. Durgesh kumar
Mr. Gaurav Soni
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 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 FEATURES & BENIFITS
 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
 TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
 EQUIPMENT FUNCTIONS
 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAG.
 LPI
 ANTENNA & LANDMINES
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

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 RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging) is a way to detect
and study far off targets by transmitting a radio pulse in
the direction of the target and observing the reflection of
the wave.
Antenna
Propagation

Target
Cross
Section
Reflected
Transmitted Pulse
Pulse (“echo”)

Radar observables:
•Target range
•Target angles (azimuth & elevation)
•Target size (radar cross section)
•Target speed (Doppler)
•Target features (imaging)
 Target

ct
• Target range = 2

where c = speed of light

t = round trip time
Military radar : Gather information
highly mobile
target synchronisation
weapon control

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All Weather
Night Capability
Target Handling
Fast Reaction
Easy Operation
High Resolution
Linear/Circular polarized.

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 Radar Group: antenna,remote control,AFC,
interrogator

 Shelter: display unit, PPI(plane position

indicator), processor unit &
battery

 Motor generator: power supply

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T.D.R: target data receiver
 Parallax correction
 Threat evaluation

LINE CONNECTION ADAPTER:

receive data
2-wire telephone line

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 Radar beams can be attenuated, reflected and
bent by the environment

• Atmospheric attenuation

• Reflection off of earth’s

surface

• Over-the-horizon diffraction
 DETECTION: Moving target data displayed
over PPI

 TARGET TRACKING: Track of moving target

 DECODING: Transmitted by VHF-FM/line

comm.

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 Message Threat
decoded/parall evaluation & Target
ax correction display of selection
result

Weapon aiming
Faring at target

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 TARGET DECODING:
 Receive & Decode Inf.

 PARALLAX CORRECTION: x-y to pollar

coordinates

 THREAT EVALUATION: Display azimuthal

angle of threatning
targets

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 HT UNIT: main voltage to dc voltage

 MAGNETRON: RF power generator

LO+AFC:
decide frequency of radar pulse

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 Low probability of Interception (LPI) :
Is to see and not be seen.

 Low enemy’s electronic counter-measures (ECM)

 Use narrow main-lobe and extremely low side-lobes

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 The technology of ground penetrating radar
uses Ultrawideband (UWB) techniques.

 Detectburied landmines as small as 10 square

cm

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 PARABOLIC REFLECTOR:
rotating with a high speed. In the focus of the
reflector is a radiator, which emits the pulses,
and which receives the RF echo pulses.

 In the waveguide is the polarization shifter,

which causes the polarization of the RF
energy to be either horizontally or circularly.

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 Time - Radar can take up to 2 seconds to
lock on
 Radar has wide beam spread (50 ft
diameter over 200 ft range).
 Cannot track if deceleration is greater than
one mph/second.
 Large targets close to radar can saturate
receiver.
 Hand-held modulation can falsify
readings.

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 Military radars are one of the most important
requirements during the wartime

 Used for early detection of ballistic missile and also

for accurate target detection and firing.

 Advises the weapon crew which target can be

engaged first.

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 ) Skolnik ‘Introduction to Radar Systems’ McGraw
Hill

 2) ‘Electronic Communication Systems’ by Kennedy,

Davis Fourth Edition

 3) Bharat Electronics Limited website www.bel-

india.com

 Radar Detection of Landmines – Dr Y Yerima – A

Paper Presented at the Faculty of Engineering
Seminar, NDA May 2004.

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