SECTION -7

Applications & Types of

Transformers
Applications & Types of Transformers
• Generator Transformers (GT):
Power generated (generally in the range of 11 to 25 kV)
is stepped up by GT to a higher voltage (say 132 kV –
765 kV) for power transmission.
• Unit Auxiliary Transformers (UAT):
Step down transformers with primary connected to
generator output. The secondary voltage is of the order
of 6.9 kV for supplying to various auxiliary equipment
at the generating station.
•Station Transformers:
Small rating transformers with primary connected to
HV transmission line are required for supply to
auxiliary equipment during setting up of generating
station & subsequently during each start-up operation.
• Inter-connecting Transformers (ICT):
These are normally auto transformers used to
interconnect two grids operating at two different
system voltages.
• Receiving Station Transformers:
Step down transformers for reducing transmission
voltage to primary feeder level (e.g. 33 kV). Some of
these may be directly supplying an industrial plant.
Loads on these vary widely. OLTC is usually necessary
with higher tapping range to account for wide variation
in voltage.
•Distribution Transformers:
Primary feeder voltage is reduced to actual utilization
voltage (e.g. 415 – 465 V) for domestic / industrial use.
Load on these varies widely and they are often
overloaded.
• Phase Shifting Transformer:
These are used to control power flow over
transmission lines by varying the phase angle
between input and output voltages of transformer.
• Earthing or Grounding Transformers:
Used to get a neutral point that facilitates grounding
and detection of earth faults in an ungrounded part of
a network (e.g. delta connected systems). Windings
are generally connected in zigzag manner, which helps
in eliminating 3rd harmonic voltages in the lines. The
main advantage is that they are not affected by a DC
magnetization.
• Transformer for Rectifier & inverter circuits:
These are otherwise normal transformers except for
the special design and manufacturing features to take
into account the harmonic effects. Due to extra
harmonic losses, operating flux density is kept lower
(say 1.6 T).
• Furnace Duty Transformers:
Used to feed the arc or induction furnaces. These are
characterized by a low secondary voltage (e.g. 80 –
1000 V) and high current (e.g. 10 – 90 kA).
• Locomotive Transformers:
Primary is connected to overhead line (say 25 – 27 kV)
and stepped down to 1000 - 1500 V for feeding to the
rectifiers. These are mounted on the locomotives.
Designed to withstand vibrations.
 Applications

Petrochemical
Transmission
Distribution

Oil,Gas and
Locomotive
Generation

Industrial

Traction
Steel
Highest
Transformer Type Power Range Voltage
Generation (GSU) 10 –270 MVA 220 kV
System 20 – 200 MVA 220 kV
Interconnecting Transformer 25 – 315 MVA 400 kV
Furnace 1.6 – 63 MVA 52 kV
Rectifier Up to 160 kA 52 kV
Trackside 20 – 21.6 MVA 220 kV
Loco Transformer 3.90 – 7.5 MVA 27.5 kV
Distribution Transformer 0.3 –1 5 MVA 33 kV
Packaged Substations 315 – 1500 kVA 11 kV
Pole Top Transformers 10 – 400 kVA 11 kV
Shunt & Series Reactors 0.25 – 1.2 MVAR 11 kV

D/data/trafotechnology/mljain/presentaion/transformer product range Date: 01.02.05