Presented by:

KINETICS  Muhammad Danish Siddiqui

OF  Syed Hassan Tariq
VEHICLES  Asfar Younus
 Abdullah Amin
 SCHEME OF PRESENTATION

• Kinetics of Cars • Kinetics of Space Vehicles

I. Forces on a Car I. Parts and Flight of Model
and Actual Rocket
II. Weight and Contact Force
II. Forces on a Rocket
III. Friction and Tires
III. Forces on a Satellite and
IV. Drag and Lift its Launch

• Kinetics of Ships • Kinetics of Airplanes

I. Introduction to Ships and I. Forces On An Airplane
its Working Principle
II. Concepts Of Air
II. Forces on a Ship
III. Bernoulli’s Principle
III. Construction of Ships
IV. Factors Affecting The Lift
 • Kinetics is the study of motion of
a body taking in account the
forces acting on it.
• A number of different forces and
KINETICS different vehicles.
OF CARS • The study of these forces is
important to engineers since
these forces affect the choice of
design and materials
FORCES
ON A
CAR
 • The Earth’s gravity pulls objects
towards it.This pull is called
weight.
• The weight of car is proportional
to its mass: the greater the mass,
the greater the weight.
WEIGHT • Contact force is the reaction on
AND the tires from the ground.
CONTACT • Weight and contact force are not
FORCE significant when it comes to
design.The two usually balance
out each other.
• Greater weight >> Greater driving
force >> More fuel consumption.
• Manufactures aim for light-weight
but strong car body.
ROAD FRICTION AND TIRES
 • Friction is a resistive force that opposes a
car’s motion.
• Work has to be done to overcome friction.
• Greater friction >> Greater work done >>
ROAD More fuel consumption.
• Magnitude depends on road conditions and
FRICTION tires.
AND • Smoother the roads and tires, the smaller the
TIRES friction.
• Different tread patterns work best for
different road conditions.
• Rough tires prevent skidding in wet conditions
ROAD FRICTION AND TIRES
DRAG AND LIFT
 • Drag is the aerodynamic force
that opposes the motion of a
body.
• Drag develops due to a pressure
differential in the horizontal
DRAG direction.
• More drag means more work has
to be done to push away the air.
• This decreases fuel efficiency. So,
drag is a problem.
HOW DRAG DEVELOPS?
HOW DRAG DEVELOPS?
HOW DRAG DEVELOPS?
HOW DRAG DEVELOPS?
HOW DRAG DEVELOPS?
STREAMLINED AND NON-
STREAMLINED
STREAMLINED AND NON-
STREAMLINED
STREAMLINED AND NON-
STREAMLINED
STREAMLINED AND NON-
STREAMLINED
 Lift is another aerodynamic force that usually
acts on cars moving at extremely high speeds.

Lift is created by a pressure differential in the

vertical direction.

Wind moving at high speed has lower

LIFT pressure than wind moving at slow speed

Lift can be dangerous as it can send the car

flying in the air.

Accidents due to lift are common in car

racing.
HOW LIFT DEVELOPS?
HOW LIFT DEVELOPS?
TAIL FINS/SPOILERS
 TAIL
FINS/SPOILERS
A REVIEW ON AIRPLANE PARTS
AND AERODYNAMICS
 A REVIEW ON AIRPLANE PARTS AND
AERODYNAMICS

• Forces acting on the Aircraft (Four Forces)

• Bernoulli’s Principle
• Airplane Parts
 FORCES ON AN AIRPLANE

• Force – a push or a pull acting on a body.

• As a plane flies it is in the center of four forces: Weight, Lift, Drag
and Thrust
• Drag and Weight result due to natural phenomenon.
• Weight and Drag
• A pilot needs to overcome weight and drag to achieve flight
• This is done by creating two forces: Thrust and Lift.
• Lift & Thrust are required to keep the airplane in the air
 LIFT

• Lift is the upward force on a plane

• Various parts of a plane help to achieve lift
• But most of the lift is created by the wings
• The magnitude of lift depends on the shape, size and
velocity
• For example, the faster the plane goes the greater
the lift
• The lift that is produced by the wings must be greater
than the weight of plane to leave the ground.