ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT

SUBMITTED BY:-
SANDHYA BHATTI
ROLL NO-CH14165
B.E CHEM 4TH YR
AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION

ATS or aerobic treatment called aerobic septic system is a small scale

sewage treatment system using an aerobic process for
digestion:-
1. Pre treatment stage
2. Aeration stage
3. Settling stage
4. Disinfecting stage
TWO most commonly used systems for this treatment are:-

Activated sludge system.

Trickling filters
 ROLE OF MICROORGANISM
convert
Microorganism colloidal and dissolved organic matter
into gases and cell tissues known as protoplasm.
Since the density of protoplasm is higher than water it can
be removed by gravity settling. It is necessary to remove
cell tissue otherwise it being organic in nature will be
measured as BOD in the effluent.
 Water for the
ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEM:-
removal of
(50% of the removal of Cl2,amonia
Waste water contaminants)
Primary Secondary
Grit Aeration clarifier
clarifier
removal tank

Activated sludge
settled solids
Screening

thickener
(reducing vol of solids)
Sludge stabilised sludge
digestion

The parameter to be considered is the amount of influent BOD added relative to

active sludge available. This ratio is usually expressed as amount of BOD utilized
per unit of mass.
 Trickling filters:=

Biofilm/slime
Rock bed,1 to 3m in layer
depth

As the microorganism utilize

the organic matter, the slime
layer goes on inc. Typical
film thickness
100micrometer to 2 mm.
Both activated sludge and trickling filter are biological
treatment systems but there is 1 major process difference :-
In the trickling filter the biomass is steady
But in activated sludge the biomass is in suspension
 ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITON
This treatment is a collection of processes by which microorganism
breakdown biodegradable material in the absence of
oxygen. This process is used fro industrial or domestic process to
manage waste (the cell production is slow0 or to produce fuel.
It is a two step process:- converted
1.Complex organic compounds low molecular weight fatty
acids( acetic acids and propionic acids.) The microorganism
responsible for it are ACID FORMERS.
2.Methanogenic bacteria which are strict anaerobes, convert the
organic acids methane gas and carbon dioxide.
Anaerobic waste treatment
The main techniques used are;-

Anaerobic upflow reactor-

Light floccules

Compact sludge
grains at the
bottom
ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTOR

Methane, carbon dioxide

GAS

Supernatant layer

Wet Sludge
DIGESTION ZONE
sludge heater
DIGESTED SLUDGE

Digested sludge
Specific advantages and disadvantages –
ADVANTAGES:-
1. Formation of biogas
2. High loads-the volumetric load in an anaerobic reactor is
typically 5-10 times higher than the aerobic waste water
treatment.
3. Very little sludge production than aerobic decomposition
where stabilized sludge sometimes has poor dewatering
characteristics and process depends strongly on temp.
4. In aerobic digestion microorganism are supplied oxygen
and it follows the principle of endogenous
respiration.when little food is available to biomass
population,microorganism consume their own
protoplasm as energy source,thereby reducing volatile
solid conc. of sludge thus sometimes makes it unfit to be
used as fertilizer.
DISADVANTAGES:-
1.Incomplete breakdown of organic
compounds
2.Methane gas being a greenhouse is 20
times more dangerous than carbon dioxide
therefore it has to be handled properly.
3.BOD conc are higher in anaerobic
digestion than in aerobic
 Difference between trickling filter and ASP
1.Bacterial growth is fixed 1.Bacterial growth is
on media suspended as a dispersed
floc .
2.All solids from the 2.Solids from the settler
settler are wasted. are partially recycled.
3.Less sensitive to shock 3.More sensitive to shock
loading. loadings, require closer
process control
4.Produces insects and 4.Produces spray clouds.
odours.
5.Low operating cost 5.High operating cost
6.Less effective in 6.More effective in
removing pathogen. removing pathogens .
 Sludge treatment and
disposal
Handling and treatment of sludge from biological waste water treatment
plants is an important problem and represents about half the cost of most
sewage treatment plants. The common unit of operation of sludge
treatment and disposal:-
Gravity thickening

Concentration Flotation

Anaerobic, aerobic digestion

Digestion
Sludge lagoons

Chemical addition (Salt, iron, alum)

Conditioning These chemicals bind the sludge together and
encourage the release of absorbes water
Heat treatment
 Centrifuging
Vacuum filtration
Dewatering
Pressure filtration
Drying beds
Heat drying

Incineration-
Oxidation sludge passing thr multiple hearth furnance
and vaporization taking place on upper part
with incineration on lower end

Wet oxidation-Sludge grounded,mixed with

air and subjected to high temperature and
pressure.it results in producing mixtur3e of
gas,liquid,ash
CENTRIFUGING-

Sludge getting separated

Conditioned sludge rotating bowl
Into cake and dilute stream

FILTRATION:-
Pressure filtartion
sludge being pumped filter plates supporting cloth which retains solids
dewatered plates are separated and sludge cake removed.
Vacuum filtration:-
Rotating drum covered with filter cloth is submerged in sludge and vaccum is
generated in it as per required and liquid gets sucked with cake getting deposited
on the outside of drum
THANK YOU