Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Communication in
the 21st Century
1
What is Communication?
• Communication is the collaborative process
of using messages to create and participate
in social reality
• Communication is a dynamic ongoing process
• Communication is collaborative requiring the
involvement of others
• Communication involves messages
• Communication is creative
• Communication is participatory creating and
taking part in social reality
© 2017 SAGE Publications, Inc.
1
Contexts of Communication
• Face-to-face
– Physically, or bodily, present while speaking
directly to one another
• Mediated
– Communication or messages that are transmitted
through some type of medium
• Interpersonal communication
– Communication between people sharing a
relationship
Communication Metaphors
• Communication as Transmission
– Source sends a message through a channel to a
receiver in an environment
Communication Metaphors
• Communication as Interaction
– Two way process of action
– Adds feedback and fields of experience to the
Communication as Transmission model
Communication Metaphors
• Communication as Transaction
– Participants are simultaneous sender-receivers
linked in relationship to one another
– Exchanged messages impact people by sharing
surface information and meaning about the
relationship of the participants
Communication Metaphors
• Communication as Social Construction
– Communication shapes and creates shared social
reality
Communication Metaphors
• Communication as Social Construction
– Communication shapes and creates shared social
reality
Metaphors Matter
• Each metaphor builds on the previous ones to
go one step further
• The metaphor you adopt makes a difference in
your life
• People who can understand communication
from multiple points of view have higher
communication competence (O’Keefe, 1988)
Metaphors Matter
• You will be placed in a group.
• Take 1-2 minutes to silently review the
metaphor your group has been assigned (pgs.
13-16)
• Work together to identify an example of how
communication works within your metaphor
(5 minutes)
• Choose which member of your group will
explain this example to the class
© 2017 SAGE Publications, Inc.
1
Communication Ethics
• Ethics is a code of conduct based on respect
for yourself, others, and your surroundings
– To be ethical, communication should provide
empowerment and responsibility
– Communication ethics adjust depending on which
metaphor you adopt