PRESENTATION

on
Statistical Process Control

By
Mohini Rajput
 INTRODUCTION

 Statistical Process Control is a set of tools for managing

processes, and determining and monitoring the quality of
the outputs of an organization.

 It is a strategy for reducing variation in products,

deliveries, processes, materials, attitudes and equipment.

 Statistical Process Control exists because there is a

variation in the characteristics of materials, articles,
services, people.
 Variability is the cause of most quality problems, variation
in products, in times of deliveries, in ways of doing things,
in materials, in people’s attitudes, in equipment and its
use, in maintenance practices, etc.

 Statistical process control is the strategy for reducing

variability.
 Different Tools Used In SPC
• Process Flow Chart

• Check or Tally Chart

• Histogram

• Graphs

• Control Charts
 Process Flow Chart

 Flowcharts are important to study manufacturing

processes, but they are particularly important for non-
manufacturing processes.

 Because of the lack of documentation of administrative

and service processes, it is sometimes difficult to reach
agreement on the flowcharts for a process.
Fig. Flowchart symbol
 Check / Tally Chart
 The tally chart and frequency distribution are alternative
ordered ways of presenting data.

 To construct a tally chart data may be extracted from the

original form

Fig. Sample Tally Chart

 Graphs
 In line graphs or run charts the observations of one
parameter are plotted against another parameter and the
consecutive points joined by lines.
- pictorial graphs
- pie charts
 All graphs except pie chart, are composed of horizontal
and a verticle axis.
 Control Charts
 The operation of control charts for sample mean and range to
detect the state of control of a process is as follows:

 Chart identification

 Specification

 Statistical data

 Data collection

 Sample mean and ranges

 Plot of sample mean values

 Plot of sample range values

 Mean Chart
 This is simply the average of the observations, the sum of
all the measurements divided by the number of the
observations.
 Control charts are used to monitor processes which are in
control, using means (X ) and ranges (R).

Fig. Mean Chart

 Range Chart
 The range is the difference between the highest and the
lowest observations and is the simplest possible measure
of scatter.
 Control charts are used to monitor processes which are in
control, using means (X ) and ranges (R).

Fig. Range Chart

 Reference

[1] J.S. Oakland, Statistical Process Control, 5th edi.,

Butterworth Heinemann.