Price is very high

 Functions of wheel rim

 to rotate over the axle of a automobile so as to use power from engine to propel automobile.

 provide support for braking system over its body

 dissipate heat generated in the body of wheel rim to surrounding environment

 support whole body weight as well as withstand against impact load due to pot holes and road irregularities
with constant load of rider body as well as constant tyre pressure.

 Materials used for rim:

1. Al alloys

2. Mg alloys

3. Steel 1008

4. forged steel

5. Carbon fibers

 Manufacturing processes:
1. Casting: defects are more

2. Forging: best quality rim but costly

3. press working: Generally press worked rims are two piece wheel rims (applications: light duty vehicles, scooters, auto
rickshaws etc)
 The four basic requirement of wheel rim are as below,
1. Static strength
2. Structural stiffness
3. Fatigue behavior
4. Crash worthiness
 The forged steel is best material for the wheel rim.
 Magnesium rims are not repairable after it’s bending
 Casted rims are easy to clean, light in weight, excellent
corrosion resistance, durable, excellent heat dissipation from
its body to the surrounding.
 For heavy duty vehicles single piece forged wheel rims are
used.
Comparison of various materials for different aspects
 Finish and Paint details
 Primer: A primer is a special type of paint that goes on
before the finish coat of paint.
 Primers ensure that the painting surface has an ideal,
uniform texture (slightly coarse) so that paint adheres
effectively.
 It is nothing but paint without pigment.
 It will enhance the life of paint film.
 Types of primers:
1. Oil based primers
2. Latex primer
3. Shellac Primer
 Oil based primers
• Oil based primer is
suitable for both interior
and exterior application.
• It is mainly used for
wood work, i.e. new
wood, painted wood,
dry wood, etc.
• It can be used on metal
surfaces as well.
 Latex primer
• Latex paint is water based paint. In
latex paint, water is used as
solvent and latex is used as a resin
which is known as a binder.
• Latex primer is also known as
an acrylic primer and basically, it is
water based.
• It is more flexible, fast drying,
water soluble and less brittle than
the oil based primer.
• The drying time is lesser than oil
based primer – generally under 3
or 4 hours.
 Shellac Primer
• Shellac primer is almost good for interior paint
jobs and used as a spot exterior primer.
• It is excellent for blocking stains, works well
where there are severe water and smoke damage
to walls. Also, it is good to use on wood, metal,
plaster, plastic, etc.
• Shellac primer is fast drying and highly adhesive.
Denatured alcohol is used for thinning and
cleanup.
• They also can be used with both oil and latex
paints.
• The drawback of using shellac primer is that it is
not as versatile as latex and oil based primer.
• The drying time of shellac primer is usually under
an hour.