ORIGIN AND

DEVELOPMENT OF
SOSIOLOGY AND
ANTHROPOLOGY
 ORIGIN AND
DEVELOPMENT OF
SOSIOLOGY AND
ANTHROPOLOGY
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

• Discuss the main historical developments in

the disciplines of sociology and anthropology
• Identify the pioneers in the fields of
anthropology and sociology and explain their
distinctive contributions
 Early Beginnings of Anthropology

1. Give the date when anthropology begin.

2. What are the ancient discoveries that proved
the existence of men millions of years ago?
3. Who pioneered the modern anthropology?
 How Sociology Developed

• by means of communication
• When social philosophers began to be
interested in the natural development of the
sciences that would eventually lead to the
development of society
 Who is Auguste Comte?
• He coined the term sociology in the 1838
• Father of Sociology
• Analyzed the progressive development of science through the Law of Three
Stages
1. Theological and fictitious
2. Metaphysical and abstract
3. Scientific or positive
 Pioneers of Sociology and Anthropology
1. Auguste Comte 9. William Graham Sumner
2. Herbert Spencer 10. A.R Radcliffe-Brown
3. Emile Durkheim 11. Friedrich Engels
4. Karl Marx 12. Thorsten Veblen
5. Max Weber 13. Talcott Parsons
6. Ferdinand Tonnies 14. Pitirim Sorokin
7. Georg Simmel 15. Bronislaw Malinowski
8. Edward Tylor
 Herbert Spencer

-second founder of sociology

-central focus of his work is the application of
Darwin’s Evolution Theory to social life.
-survival of the fittest
 Emile Durkheim
-France first sociology professor
-social solidarity(values and beliefs of members of society)
2 types of Social Solidarity
1. Mechanical
2. Organic
Greatest Contribution-Suicide (1897) a monograph
 KARL MARX

-focuses on social conflict

(oppressed and oppressors)
-writer of Communist Manifesto
-economic determinist
 MAX WEBER

-examines belief system might affect people’s

action and in turn the economic system of the
society
-Verstehen method- sympathetic
understanding
 FERDINAND TONNIES

TYPES OF SOCIETY
1. Gesellschaft
2. Gemeinschaft
 Edward Tylor

ANIMISM (belief of spiritual being)

-researches about Early history of
Mankind and the Development of
Civilization
 WILLIAM GRAHAM SUMNER

-FOLKWAYS And The Science Of

Society a book
 WILLIAM GRAHAM SUMNER

-FOLKWAYS in the science of society

 FRIEDRICH ENGELS

Work in collaboration with Karl Marx

Wrote Communist Manifesto (class
struggle)
 THORSTEIN VEBLEN

The Theory of the Leisure class

 THORSTEIN VEBLEN

The Theory of the Leisure class

Development of Sociology and Anthropology
in the Philippines

Who introduced Sociology in the

Philippines?
Who was the first Filipino to received a
doctorate degree in Sociology?