NEUROANATOMY

dr.Muh.Iqbal Basri, M.Kes,Sp.S

Anatomy Department
Hasanuddin University

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Basic terminology in nervous system

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In the CNS
 Substantia grisea: collection
of nerve cell bodies and their
dendrites, gray color during
fresh condition
 Cortex : the outermost layer
of gray matter in cerebrum
and cerebellum
 Substantia alba : collection
of nerve fibers, white color
during fresh condition
 Medulla: a central core of
white matter beneath cortex of
cerebrum and cerebellum
 Nucleus: a collection ( group )
of cell bodies which have the
same shape and function

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 Fasciculus ( tract ): a
bundle of nerve fibers
which have the same
origin, termination,
pathway and function
 Formatio reticularis: an
admixture of cross-
crossing fibers with
larger or smaller groups
of nerve cells occupying
the meshes

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In the PNS
 Ganglion : a
collection of neuronal
cell bodies outside the
CNS
 Nervus : a bundle of
nerve fibers held
together by connective
tissue sheath

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 Neurons
• Dendrites: carry nerve impulses toward cell body
• Axon: carries impulses away from cell body
• Synapses: site of communication between neurons using chemical
neurotransmitters
• Myelin & myelin sheath: lipoprotein covering produced by glial cells
(e.g., Schwann cells in PNS) that increases axonal conduction velocity
• Demyelinating diseases: e.g., Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in CNS or
Guillain- Barré Syndrome in PNS
dendrites
cell
axon with
body
myelin sheath

Schwann
cell
synapses
Moore’s COA5 2006 8
 Sensory (Afferent) vs. Motor (Efferent)
sensory (afferent) nerve

(pseudo-) unipolar neurons conducting impulses e.g., skin

from sensory organs to the CNS

motor (efferent) nerve

e.g., muscle
multipolar neurons conducting impulses
from the CNS to effector organs (muscles & glands)
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Gray’s Anatomy 38 1999
 Structure of Spinal Nerves: Somatic Pathways
dorsal root dorsal
dorsal root ganglion ramus
spinal
dorsal nerve somatic
horn sensory
nerve
CNS (GSA)
inter-
neuron
ventral ventral somatic
horn ramus motor
nerve
(GSE)
ventral root
white ramus
communicans
Mixed Spinal
sympathetic gray ramus
Nerve ganglion communicans 10
TOPICS
1. Introduction
2. Spinal Cord/ Medulla Spinalis
3. Truncus Cerebri /Brain Stem
4. Diencephalon
5. Cerebellum
6. Cerebrum
7. Nn. Craniales
8. Meninges
9. Ventricle System
10. Liquor Cerebrospinal (LCS)/CSF
11. Blood Supply
12. Stimulus

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REFERENCE
1. Anatomi Susunan Saraf Manusia by Sidharta &
Dewanto
2. Topical Diagnosis by Peter Duus
3. Clinical Neuroanatomy by Richard S.Snell
4. Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy
5. Gray’s Anatomy

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