PLUMBING

PRESENTED BY: RHYZA JULLIANNE R. RODRIGO

 Is the art and science of installing pipes,
fixtures, and other apparatus to convey and
supply water in buildings and to dispose and
discharge waste water and other liquids, gases
and other substances out of buildings in safe,
orderly, healthy and sanitary way to ensure the
health and sanitation of life and property.
WATER SUPPLY
To supply water to different
parts of the building

To remove and discharge human

wastes and other substances out of
the building into public sewer or
septic tank
To provide sufficient amount of
water to supply each fixture

To prevent back flow of used

water into the water supply
system
 Fast removal of the waste with a
THE DRAINAGE minimum probability of leakage
SYSTEM SHOULD and stoppage of drains

ACCOMPLISH
To prevent the entry of house vermin
THE and obnoxious gases into the house

FOLLOWING:
from the piping system
 MANDATORY All plumbing design and
REQUIREMENTS installations are governed
by a set of rules prescribed
FOR A by the National Plumbing
DRAINAGE Code, which provides that:
SYSTEM
 “All drainage system must
conform with a set of
requirements enumerated as
follows”.
 That, all pipe joints must be well fitted and tightly
connected with each other to prevent leakage of gas
and liquid.

That, the drainage pipe should be graded or inclined

properly for a downward gravity flow of water towards
the main sewer line or to septic tank.

That, the drainage pipe should be provided with

adequate cleanout, accessible for repair in case of
stoppage.
The drainage system must be provided with ventilation
pipe that will convey gases to the atmosphere where it
do no harm to human health.

That, except for water closet, each fixture shall

be provided with suitable trap that will prevent
back flow of gases.

That, the drainage system must be vented, to

avoid siphonage or back flow of water seal.
TYPES Solid Waste

OF
WASTE Liquid Waste
 TYPES Soil Pipe
OF
DRAINAGE
Waste Pipe
 D – for drainage of
THE DRAINAGE solid waste
INSTALLATION IS
SOMETIMES W – for the waste coming
from various fixtures other
REFERRED TO AS than water closet

DWV: V- refers to the

ventilation of piping
system
an air gap in a water supply system, is the
unobstructed vertical distance through the free
atmosphere between the lowest opening from
any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank,
plumbing fixture, or other device and the flood
level rim of the receptacle.
 BACK FLOW

– is the flow of water, or other liquid mixture or

substances into the distributing pipes of a
potable supply of water from any source, other
than its intended source.
BACK SIPHONAGE
refer to the back flow of used
contaminated or polluted water
from a plumbing fixture or vessel
into a water supply pipe due to a
negative pressure in such a pipe.
 BATTERY OF
FIXTURE
refers to any group of two or more
similar adjacent fixtures which
discharges into a common horizontal
waste pipe or soil branch.
 BIB
is synonymous to faucet,
cock, tap, plug, etc. the
word faucet is preferred.
 BLIND FLANGE
– a flange that closes the
end of a pipe. There is no
opening for the passage of
water.
 BLOW OFF
a controlled outlet on a
pipeline used to discharge
water.
 BRANCH
is any part of piping system
other than the main riser
or stack.
BRANCH INTERVAL

– is the length of the soil or waste

stack corresponding in no case less
than 2.40 meters within which the
horizontal branches from one floor
or storey of a building are connected
to the stack.
 BRANCH VENT

– is a vent connecting one

or more individual vents
with a vent stack or stack
vent.
 CAULKING

– is plugging an opening with

oakum, lead or other
materials, that are pounded
into the place or opening.
 CIRCUIT VENT

is a branch vent that serves two or

more traps, and extends from the
front of the last fixture connection
of a horizontal branch to the vent
stack.
CONTINUOUS VENT

- Is a vertical vent that is a

continuation the drain to which the
vent connects
 COMBINATION
FIXTURES
- is a fixture combining one sink and
tray or a two or three compartment
sink or tray in one vent.
COMBINATION WASTE
AND VENT SYSTEM
- is a specially designed system of waste
piping embodying the horizontal wet
venting of one or more sinks or floor drains
by means of a common waste and vent pipe
adequately size to provide free movement
of an above the flow line of drain .
 COMMON VENT

- is a drain from two or three

fixture connected to a single
trap. It is also called a dual vent
CROSS CONNECTION
– is any physical connection between two
otherwise separate piping system, one contains
potable water, and the other from unknown or
questionable safety, whereby, water may flow
from one system to the other direction of flow
depending on the pressure differential between
the two systems.
 DEAD END

is the extended portion of a

pipe that is closed at one end
permitting the stagnation of
water or air their in.
 DEVELOPED
LENGTH
the length along the
center of the pipe and
fitting.
 DIAMETER
diameter of a pipe or tube refers to
the nominal external diameter (ID)
of such pipe, except brass and
copper tube where the term refers
to the outside diameter (OD) of the
pipe.
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
drainage system includes, all piping
within the public or private premises
that conveys sewage, rain water or
any other liquid waste, to a legal
point of disposal.
 DRY VENT

a vent that does not carry

water or water borne
wastes
EFFECTIVE OPENING
is the minimum cross sectional area at the point
of water supply discharge, measured or
expressed in terms of diameter of a circle. If the
opening is not a circle, the diameter of the circle
is equivalent to the cross sectional area.
t that does not carry water or water borne
wastes
 EXISTING WORK
shall apply to that portion of the
plumbing system that has been
installed and approved prior to the
contemplated addition, alteration or
correction.
FIXTURE BRANCH

is a pipe connecting
several fixtures
 FIXTURE DRAIN

is a drain from the trap of a

fixture to the junction of
the drain with any other
drain type
FIXTURE SUPPLY

is a water supply pipe

connecting the fixture with
the fixture branch
 FIXTURE UNITS
is a quantity in terms of which the
load producing effects on the
plumbing system of different kinds
of plumbing fixtures are expressed
on some arbitrarily chosen scale
 FIXTURE UNIT

is the total discharge of flow in gallons

per minute of a simple fixture divided
by 7.5 gallons that provides the flow
rate of the particular plumbing fixture
as a unit of flow. Fixtures are rated as
multiple of this unit flow
 FLOOD LEVEL

is a device located inside the

tank for the purpose of
maintaining water level for
effective flushing of water closet.
 FERRULE

a metallic sleeve called or otherwise

joined to an opening pipe into which a
plug is screwed that can be remove for
the purpose of clearing or examining
the interior of the pipe.
 FLUSH VALVE

is a device located at the bottom of

the tank for flushing water closets and
similar fixtures
 FLUSHOMETER
VALVE
is a device which discharges a
predetermined quantity of water
to the fixture for flushing
purposes activated by direct
water pressure.
 GRADE

is the slope or fall of pipe in

reference to a fraction of an inch
per foot length of pipe.
 GROUP VENT

a branch vent that

performs its function for
two or more traps
HORIZONTAL PIPE

means any pipe or fitting

which makes an angle of
more than 45 deg with
the vertical.
 INVERT

is the lowest portion of

the inside of any pipe or
conduit that is not
vertical.
 LIQUID WASTE

is the discharge from any fixture,

appliance or appurtenance in
connection with a plumbing
system which does not receive
fecal matter.
 LOCAL VENT PIPE

is a pipe on the fixture side of

the trap through which vapor or
foul air is removed from a room
or fixture.
 LOOPED VENT

is the same as circuit vent except

that it loops back and connects
with a stack vent instead of a
vent stack
 LATERAL
in plumbing, it is a secondary pipe. In
sewage, a common sewer to which no
other common sewer is tributary. It
receives sewage only from building
sewer.
 MAIN
the main of any system of continuous
piping is the principal artery of the
system to which the branches may be
connected
 MAIN SEWER

Is a sewer line or system

directly controlled by
public authority
 MAIN VENT

Is the principal artery of the

venting system to which
venting system to which vent
branches may be connected
 PLUMBING FIXTURES

are installed receptacles, devices or

appliances which are supplied with water, or
which receives or discharges liquid or liquid
borne wastes with or without discharge into
drainage system which maybe directly or
indirectly connected
 PLUMBING SYSTEM

includes the water supply distribution pipes,

plumbing fixtures and traps, soil, waste and
vent pipes, house drain and house sewers
including their respective connections devices
and appurtenances within the property line of
premises and water treating or water using
equipment.
 RELIEF VENT

a relief vent’s primary function is

to provide circulation of air
between the drainage and vent
systems
 RE-VENT PIPE

sometimes called individual vent is

that part of the vent pipeline which
connects directly with an individual
waste or group of wastes underneath
or back of the fixture and extend
either to the main or branch vent pipe
 RISER

is a water supply pipe which

extend vertically one full story or
more to convey water to
branches or fixtures.
 ROUGH-IN

is the installation of all parts of the

plumbing system which can be
completed prior to the installation of
fixtures. This includes drainage, water
supply, vent piping and the necessary
fixture supports.
 RETURN BEND

an open return bend usually

with the inside threads, but
applied also to 180 deg bend
in pipe
 PUBLIC SEWER

is a common sewer directly

controlled by public authorities
where all abutters have equal
rights of connection
 SANITARY SEWEGE

the sewage containing human

excrement and liquid household
waste. It is also called domestic
sewage.
 SANITARY SEWER

intended to receive sanitary

sewage with or without
industrial wastes and without
the admixture of surface water,
storm water or drainage.
SECONDARY BRANCH

any branch in a building

drain other than primary
branch
SEWERAGE OF SEWEGE
WORK
is a comprehensive term including
all construction or collection,
transportation, pumping,
treatment and disposition of
sewage.
SIAMESE CONNECTION

– is a Y connection used in fire

lines so that two lines of hose may
be connected to a hydrant or to
the same nozzle
 STAND PIPE

a vertical pipe usually used for the

storage of water, frequently under
pressure
 SIDE VENT

is a vent connecting to the drain

pipe through a fitting at an angle
not greater than 45 deg or to the
vertical
 SOIL PIPE

is any pipe that conveys

discharge from other fixtures, to
the building drains ( house drain)
or building sewer ( house sewer)
 STACK

is the vertical main of a

system of soil, waste or
vent pipe.
 STACK GROUP

is the term applied to the

location of fixtures in relation to
the stack so that by means of
proper fittings, vents may be
reduced to a minimum
 STACK VENT

the extension of a soil or waste

stack above the highest
horizontal drain connected to the
stack. H is sometimes called
waste vent or soil vent.
 STACK VENTING

a method of venting a fixture or

fixtures through the soil or waste
stack
 SUBSOIL DRAIN

are underground drain pipes that

receive sub-surface or seepage
water only and convey it to a
place of disposal
 SUMP

a pit or receptacle at a low point

to which the liquid waste are
drained
 TRAP

is a fitting or device designed as to

provide when properly vented a liquid
seal that will prevent the back passage
of air without materially affecting the
flow of sewage through it
 TRAP SEAL

is the maximum vertical depth of

liquid that trap will retain,
measured between the crown
weir and top of the dip of the
trap
 VENT STACK

is a vertical pipe installed

primarily to provide a flow or
circulation of air within the
different parts of drainage system
 VENT SYSTEM

is a pipe or pipes installed to

provide a flow or circulation of
air within the plumbing system to
protect trap seals siphoning and
back pressure
 VERTICAL PIPE

is a pipe installed in a vertical

position or at angle not more
than 45 deg within the
vertical
 WASTE PIPE

pipe that conveys liquid

waste from fixture that is
free of fecal matter
WATER DISTRIBUTING
PIPE
pipe that conveys water from
the water service pipe to the
plumbing fixtures and other
water outlets.
 WATER SERVICE
PIPE
is the pipe from the water
main or other source of
water supply to the building
served
 WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM
the water supply of the building or premises
consist of the water service pipe, the water
distributing pipes, and necessary connecting
pipes, fitting, control valves and other
appurtenance in or adjacent to the building or
premises.
 WET VENT

is a vent the receives the

discharge from wastes
other than water closet.
THE END!

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