CHANDRAYAAN -2

Introduction to Chandrayaan -2

 How moon and earth are related ?

1. Moon’s gravity pulls at the earth causing tides.

2. Earth has geocorona extends up to 390000 miles.
 Why we are going to moon ?
1. Understand moon’s origin .
2.Map the moon’s polar region .
3. Confirm evidence of water and ice on the surface of
moon.

Evidence of water or ice on moon Polar region of moon

 INDIA’S FIRST MISSION TO MOON

CHANDRAYAAN -1

1 . Launched by ISRO in Oct 22 , 2008 and operated until August

2009.

2. The spacecraft was launched by PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch

Vehicle ) from SATISH DHAWAN Space Centre, Sriharikota , Andhra pradesh.
Chandrayaan -1 on Moon

Ref: https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c11-chandrayaan-1
 Results from Chandrayaan -1 :

1. It has confirmed the magma ocean hypothesis.

2. Tectonism
 Evidence of Water
 Lunar Cave
 CHANDRAYAAN -2
• World’s first space mission to conduct soft landing on the moon’s south polar region .
• It was launched on 22nd July 2019 at 2:43 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre ,
SRIHARIKOTA, ANDHRA PRADESH.

Why particularly South pole Region :-

1. Polar regions have water in the form of ice.

2. More chances of collecting evidence of water.
What are we sending to the moon :-

1.Lunar Orbitter
2.Vikram Lander
3.Pragyan Rover

* We launch or send the 3877 kgs of equipment to moon by GSLV MK III.

 Physics Behind Chandrayaan -2
Basic Physics behind IT

Sending anything in to space is a balancing act of three forces .

Those are ;-

1. Air Drag :-

The force of friction that atmosphere applies.

2. Gravity :-

The rocket needs to escape the Earth’s Gravity .

3. Thrust ;-

Force that pushes the rocket .

From Newton’s 3rd law of motion

•Burning of fuel pushes hot gases downwards.

As a reaction the rocket is pushed upwards.
Velocity of Chandrayaan
•The force of gravitation provides the centrepetal force for the
Chandrayaan to stay in orbit.

This gives the velocity , required to keep the Chandrayaan in orbit.

Energy of Chandrayaan
To change the orbit we need to know about energy of the Chandrayaan.

Kinetic Energy :-

Potential Energy :-

Total Energy = Kinetic energy + Potential Energy

When the boosters are off there is no work . So the total energy is conserved.
Change in Energy :-

 = E2-E1

Since r2 > r1 ,  is positive.

Positive work needs to be done by the system or we can say apply thrust in
the direction of motion.