SUBMITTED TO :- SUBMITTED BY:-

AR. J.K. GUPTA DIVYA KAPOOR

GAGAN
KAVITA
Surveys represent one of the most common types of
quantitative, social science research.
A survey is a systematic method of collecting data
from a population of interest.
It tends to be quantitative in nature and aims to collect
information from a sample of the population such that
the results are representative of the population within a
certain degree of error.
For the purpose of a survey is to collect quantitative
information, usually through the use of a structured and
standardized questionnaire.
To estimate total Housing Stock in by private and
public sector.
 The survey includes information about the housing stock
such as type; size and age of properties whether they are
rented or owned; the type of repairs required and
information on the energy rating of properties.
 To estimate the total number of dwelling units by size of
the unit, whether under construction or constructed as per
the categories of:
 Low Income Group
 Economically Weaker Sections
 Middle Income Group
 High Income Group
 Standard surveys which provide information on rural
and urban households, it identifies whether a
household lives in urban slums or non-slum urban
areas.

 Using this data we highlight differences in living

standards across urban households.

 The information generated from the household surveys

is very crucial for providing valuable direction for the
future planning.
 Surveys are primarily used to collect quantitative
information on the perceptions and opinions of a
sample of people which adequately represent the
population of interest.
 They are appropriate for:
Measuring peoples perceptions, opinions, knowledge,
attitudes, behavioral intentions, and behavior using
primarily closed-ended questions.
 Conducting a needs assessment.
 Surveys should not be used to:
 Replace qualitative techniques
 Explore opinions in-depth
 Clarify purpose
 Why conduct a Survey?
 Who are the stakeholders?
 Who is the population of interest?
 What issues need to be explored?

 Assess Resources
 What external resources will you need?
 Which in-house resources can you make use of?

 Decide on Methods
 Select the method which is most appropriate
 Write Questionnaire
 Decide on what questions to ask?
 Set the types of response formats.
 Set the layout of the questionnaire.

 Pilot test/Revise questionnaire

 Revise the questionnaire.

 Prepare Sample
 Decide on the sample design.
 Identify sources of sample.
 Train interviewers

 Collect data

Process data
Code the data
Data enter the information

 Analyse the Results

 Interpret and Disseminate Results

 Take Action
 Survey can complete structured questions with many
stakeholders within a relatively short time frame.
 It can be completed by telephone, mail, fax, or in-
person.
 It is quantifiable and generalizable to an entire
population if the population is sampled appropriately.
 Standardized, structured questionnaire minimizes
interviewer bias.
 Tremendous volume of information can be collected in
short period of time.
 It can take less time to analyze than qualitative data.
 More difficult to collect a comprehensive understanding of
respondents’ perspective (in-depth information)
compared to in-depth interviews or focus groups.

 It can be very expensive.

 It Requires some statistical knowledge, sampling and

other specialized skills to process and interpret results.
 The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) has released
Report No. 535 titled “Housing Condition and Amenities in
India, 2008-09” based on the household survey on housing
condition conducted in its 65th round.
 The field work of the nationwide survey was carried out
during July 2008 to June 2009.
 The report is based on the Central sample of 1,53,518
households (97,144 in rural areas and 56,374 in urban
areas) surveyed from 8,130 sample villages in rural areas
and 4,735 urban blocks spread over all States and Union
Territories except in (I) interior villages of Nagaland
situated beyond five kilometres of a bus route and (ii)
villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain
inaccessible throughout the year.
 This report presents the results based on the data on
aspects of basic housing amenities available to the
households, such as drinking water, bath room,
sewerage, latrine, electricity, etc. And on the structural
aspects of the dwelling units, like type of structure, age of
the dwelling unit, condition of the dwelling unit, etc.
 In rural areas the major source of drinking water (most often used)
was ‘tube well/hand pump’ in respect of 55 per cent of households
followed by ‘tap’ for 30 per cent of households.
 In urban areas, ‘tap’ was the major source of drinking water for 74
per cent of the households and ‘tube well/hand pump’ served
another 18 per cent households.
 Shortage of drinking water set in the month of March and gradually
reached a peak during May; thereafter, the situation of availability
of drinking water gradually improved and by August the situation
improved substantially.
 During the month of May drinking water for 13 per cent of the
rural households and 8 per cent of the urban households was
insufficient.
 Drinking water facility within the premises was available to nearly
41 per cent of rural households and 75 per cent of urban
households.
 Bathroom facility was not available to nearly 64 per cent of rural
households, while in urban areas, the proportion of households
with no bathroom was lower, nearly 22 percent.
 In the rural areas, detached bathrooms were more common (23
per cent of the households) than were attached bathrooms (13 per
cent of the households).
 In urban areas, a higher proportion of households (48 per cent)
had attached bathroom

Sanitation Facility
 Nearly 65 per cent of rural households had no toilet facility
whereas 11 per cent of urban households did not have any toilet.
 In rural areas, septic tank was used by 18 per cent households as
compared to 77 per cent households in urban areas. than
detached bathroom (nearly 31 per cent).
 At the all-India level, nearly 75 per cent of the households had
electricity for domestic use.
 While 66 per cent households in rural areas had this facility, 96 per
cent in urban areas had the facility.

Tenure Types
 Nearly 95 per cent of households in rural areas and 62 per cent in
urban areas were residing in own dwellings.
 3 per cent of rural households lived in hired dwellings while 30
per cent of urban households lived in hired dwellings.
 Nearly 5 per cent of the urban households had residence in
employers’ quarter against slightly less than one per cent of rural
households.
 Nearly 55 per cent of the rural households and 92 per
cent of the urban households lived in pucca structures.

 Nearly 28 per cent of the rural households and 6 per

cent of the urban households lived in semi-pucca
structures.

 Nearly 2 per cent of the urban households and 17 per

cent of the rural households lived in katcha structures.
 There are three primary methods for obtaining survey
research:

 Face to face interviews,

 Telephone interviews and
 Mailed questionnaires.

 Some alternative methods have more recently been

developed using more advanced technology like the
Internet and computerized telephone interviews.
Advantages
 Interviewers can document characteristics of non-
respondents and reasons for refusal.
 Usually results in a higher response rate.
 Preferable for survey addressing complex.
 Issues where some explanation may be needed.
 Reduces non-response to individual questionnaire items.

Disadvantages
 A social desirability bias may affect the accuracy of
responses, especially when survey is addressing
sensitive issues.
 Recruitment and training of interviewers is time
consuming and expensive.
 Cost per interview is expensive.
 Advantages
 It is possible to achieve high response rates.
 Interviewers are able to document characteristics of non-
respondents and reasons for refusal.
 The amount of non-response to questionnaire items can be
minimized.
 Able to obtain results quickly.
 Less costly than face to face interviews (but more expensive than
mail surveys).
Disadvantages
 Sometimes difficult to reach a selected resident of a household.
 Long and/or complex questions should be avoided, as it is
difficult for respondents to retain the questions and response
categories.
Advantages
 Mail surveys are among the least expensive.
 Social desirability bias is minimized.
 Administrative costs and costs per respondent are significantly
reduced.

Disadvantages
 It is often not possible to determine the demographics and
characteristics of non respondents and/or reasons for refusal.
 Some questions may not be complete on returned
questionnaires.
 The time elapsed before receiving completed questionnaires
can be long (1-3 months).
 Scanning questionnaires is a method of data collection that can
be used with paper questionnaires that have been administered
in face-to-face interviews; mail surveys or surveys completed
by an Interviewer over the telephone.
 Advantages:-
 Scanning can be the fastest method of data entry for paper
questionnaires.
 Scanning is more accurate than a person in reading a properly
completed questionnaire.
 Disadvantages:-
 Scanning is best-suited to "check the box" type surveys and
bar codes. Scanning programs have various methods to deal
with text responses, but all require additional data entry time.
 Scanning is less forgiving (accurate) than a person in reading a
poorly marked questionnaire. Requires investment in additional
hardware to do the actual scanning.