VERBS

GROUP 2
Anisa Pratiwi
Dinda Alifia
Nida Nurussyifa
Nisrina Nurdiani
1 Verbs Forms

2
THE PLAIN FORM

is the dictionary form of the verb.

e.g :
- A few artists live in town today
- They hold classes downtown

3
THE PAST –TENSE FORM

Indicates that the action of the verb

occurred before now. It usually adds
-d or –ed to the plain form.

e.g :
- Many artists lived in town before
this year
- They held classes downtown

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THE PAST PARTICIPLE
Is the same as the past-tense form,
except in most irregular verbs. It
combines with forms of have or be, or
by itself it modifies nouns and
pronouns.

e.g :
- Artists have lived in town for
decades
- They have held classes downtown
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THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Adds -ing to the verb’s plain form. It
combines with forms of be, modifies
nouns and pronouns, or functions as
a noun.

e.g :
- A few artists are living in town
today
- They are holding classes
downtown
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THE –S FORM
The –s form ends in –s or –es. When
the subject is a singular noun, a
pronoun, or the personal pronoun, the
–s form indicates action that occurs in
the present, occurs habitually, or is
generally true.

e.g :
- The artists lives in town today
- She holds classes downtown
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2 Helping Verbs

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HELPING VERBS

Also called auxiliary verbs, combine with

some verb forms to indicate time and
other kinds of meaning. These
combinations are verb phrases.

e.g :
- Artists can train others to draw
- The techniques have changed little

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3 Terms used to describe verbs

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TENSE

The time of verb’s action.

- Present (Kick)
- Past (Kicked)
- Future (Will kick)

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MOOD

The attitude of the verb’s speaker or

writer.

There are 3 kinds of mood :

1. Indicative mood
2. Imperative mood
3. Subjunctive mood

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VOICE

The distinction between the active (in

which the subject performs the verb’s
action) and the passive (in which the
subject acted upon)

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PERSON

The verb form that reflects whether

the subject is speaking, spoken to, or
spoken about.

e.g :
- I/we kick the ball (speaking)
- You kick the ball (spoken to)
- She kicks the ball (spoken about)

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NUMBER

The verb form that reflects whether

the subject is singular or plural.

e.g :
- The girl kicks the ball
- Girls kick the ball

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4 Regular & Irregular

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REGULAR

◦ Most verbs are regular; that is, they

form their past tense and past
participle by adding -d or -ed to
the plain form.

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IRREGULAR

◦ About two hundred English verbs

are irregular; that is, they form
their past tense and past participle
in some irregular way.

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 Distinguish between sit and set, lie
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and lay, and rise and raise.

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The forms of sit and set, lie and lay,
and rise and raise are easy to
confuse. In each of these confusing
pairs, one verb is intransitive (it
doesn’t take an object) and one is
transitive (it does take an object).

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6 Use the –s and –ed forms when they
are required.

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REQUIRED –S ENDING

◦ Use the –s form when both of these

situations hold:

1. The subject is a singular noun and

indefinite pronoun (everyone), or she,
he, it. These subjects are third person.
2. The verb’s action occurs in the present.

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REQUIRED –ED OR –D ENDING

◦ The –ed or –d verb form is required

in any of these situations:
1. The verb’s action occurred in the
past
2. The verb form functions as a
modifier
3. The verb form combines with a
form od be or have

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 Use Helping Verb With Main Verbs
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Appropriately

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USING HELPING VERBS WHEN
THEY ARE REQUIRED

◦ Standard American English

requires helping verbs in certain
situations:
1. The main verb ends in –ing
2. The main verb is been or be
3. The main verb is a past
participle, such as talked, begun,
or thrown.

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COMBINE HELPING VERBS AND MAIN
VERBS APPROPRIATELY
◦ Form of be + present participle
Her ideas are growing more coplex.
◦ Form of be + past participle
Her next book will be published soon
◦ Form of have
Some students have complained
about the laboratory
◦ Form of do
◦ The judge did remain in court
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 Gerund or an infinitive after a verb as
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appropriate.

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THE USE OF GERUND AND INFINITIVE
AFTER VERBS

◦ Gerunds and infinitives may follow

certain verbs but no others. And
sometimes the use of a gerund or
infinitive with the same verb
changes the meaning.

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EITHER GERUND OR INFINITIVE
◦ A gerund or an infinitive may follow
these verbs with no significant
difference in meaning

e.g :
- We start eating dinner at 7.
- We start to eat at 7.
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MEANING CHANGE WITH GERUND
OR INFINITIVE
◦ With these four verbs, a gerund has quite
a different meaning from an infinitive.

e.g :
- They stopped eating.
- They stopped to eat.

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GERUND, NOT INFINITIVE

◦ Do not use an infinitive after these verbs:

e.g :
[F] He finished to eat lunch.
[R] He finished eating lunch.
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INFINITIVE, NOT GERUND
◦ Do not use gerund after these verbs:

e.g :
[F] He decided leaving the house.
[R] He decided to leave the house.
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NOUN OR PRONOUN + INFINITIVE
◦ Some verbs may be followed by an
infinitive alone or by a noun / pronoun
and an infinitive. The presence of a noun
or pronoun changes the meaning.

e.g :
- He expected to come.
- He expected his friends to come.
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◦ Some verbs must be followed by a noun
or pronoun before an infinitive:

◦ Do not use to before the infinitive when

it follows one of these verbs and a noun
or pronoun:

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9 Two-word Verbs

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Standard American English includes some
verbs that consist of two words: the verb
itself and a perticle, a preposition or adverb
that affects the meaning of the verb.

e.g:
Look up the answer.
Look over the answer.

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INSEPARABLE TWO-WORD VERBS

e.g:
[F] Children grow quickly up.
[R] Children grow up quickly.

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SEPARABLE TWO-WORD VERBS

◦ Most two-word verbs that take direct

objects may be separated by the object:

◦ If the direct object is pronoun, the

pronoun must separate the verb from
the particle:

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Thanks!

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