INGLÉS

Members:
 DANIELA QUIROZ
 ALIA VALENCIA
 JOEL VILLA
 SEBATIAN GAGÑAY
 Grammar 1
Modals : ability ,permission y requests Pag(21)

1. Read about modal verbs

Ability
 We use can for general ability in the present and could for general
ability in the past .
shoppers can have something to eat in our café
Jake could play video games when he was only four years old¡
 We use be able to to talk about ability in the present ,past or future.
Shoppers are able to have something to eat in our café
Jake was able to play video games when he was anly four years old¡
Penny will be able to come shopping with us on friday
 We can use both could was / were able to to talk about general
ability in the past
My daughter could was able to count money when she was only
three years old .
we cannot use could for a single completed action in the past .
what a great time I had parís ; I was able to buy some beatiful
designer clothes (I could buy some beatiful designer clothes) .
PERMISSION
we use can to talk about or ask for premission in the
present or future
 You can spend 20 at the shopping center
 Can I use your credit cord this afternoon mum?
 We use cant refuse permission
 No you cant use my credit card

REQUESTS
 We use can or could to ask someone to do something for us
 Can could you get some meat at the butchers pleases?
 Grammar 2
Modals :obligation lack of obligation prohibition advice Pag(23)

1. READ ABOUT MODAL VERBS

obligation
*we use must and have to to expreses obligation
We can use must to talk about the present or future
FOR EXAMPLE: I must stop spending all my money
mum must buy me some new shoes at the weekend
*we can use have to to talk about the present past or future.
FOR EXAMPLE: you have to leave a 10% tip in many Canadian
restaurants
I had to take the jacket back to the shop because the zip broke.
Jordan will have to pay his credit card bill next week
 lack of obligation

we use don’t have to to talk about something that is not

necessary in the present and future
you don’t have to go shopping with me now
I don’t have to buy a present because Im not going to the
party

We use didnt have to to talk about something that was not

necessary in the past
Maria didnt have to help me look for a new dress for the party
 Prohibition

we use mustnt to say that something is not allowed.

you mustnt take things from a shop unless you pay for them
Advices

we use should and shouldnt to give advice

you should try to buy shoes when they are half Price
ben shouldnt buy sweets every day
 Grammar 2
THE PASSIVE: PAST SIMPLE pag (63)

1 Read about the past simple passive.

* We form the passive voice of the past simple with the verb to be (Was /were)
and the past participle of the main verb.

A fire was lit in the Wing room by my uncle.

The mountains were climbed by many people.

* In negative sentences, we add not after was / were.

The club was started by my teacher.

The club wasn’t started by my teacher.

* In questions, we put was / were at the beginning of the sentence.

Was the club started by my teacher?
Were the mountains climbed by many people?
 First conditianal pag 47

1 Read about the first conditional .

• We use the firs conditional to talk about something that is possible in the future.
If you buy a laptop , I will show you how to use it.
• We use the present simple in the if clause , and we usually use the future simple in the
main clause.
If Tina uses this website , she will find a lot of useful information.
• We can also use a modal verb (can, must, should, etc ) or the imperative instead of the
future simple in the main clause .
If yuo join the computer club , we can go together .
If you see your little brother playing video games, tell me !
• We can use unless instead of if not in the if clause.
If muy Company doesn´t make money online , I´ll try something new.
Unless my company make money online , I´ll try something new.
2 Read the first sentence and the complete the second sentence so
that it has the same meaning as the first .
If yuo don´t have a computer , yuo won´t be able to use the internet.
3 Complete the text with the verbs in brackets. Use the correct form
of the first conditional. Add commas where necessary.
The ´who´s who´of websites !
So, you´ve just bought a new computer! And yuo´re connected to the internet
congratulations! If you want to know what website are best for certain things you can
read on !
You should use google if you have a school project to do and need to search for
information and photos.
Unless you own a set of encyclopaedias you can not can´t rely on Wikipedia for findig
facts about almost anything and everything on the planet!
If you don´t feel like watching TV or going to the cinema this weekend you should try the
YouTube site. It´s got lots of interesting and entertaining videos and films you can watch.
If you go to this website: www.labnol.org you will find lots ore helpful sites like the ones
above.
Happy surfing !
 Second conditional pg 49
1 Read about the second conditional.
• We use the second conditional to talk about something that is impossible or something
that is unlikely in the present or the future.
If l worked for a computer company , l would be very happy.
If Clare had a lot of money, she would buy a phone with the latest technology.
• We also use the second conditional to give advice, usually with If l were you and would in
the main clause.
If l were you , l would attach a photo to your email.
• We use the past simple in the if clause, and wwe usually use would + bare infinitive in the
main clause.
If Sally had a subscription to this news site, the wouldnt´need `real´ newspapers.
• We can also use a modal verb (could, must, etc) instead of would in the main clause.
If I had some computer skills, I could get a job more easily.
• We can use were instad of was in the if clause for all persons.
If Brendan was/were a nice person, I´d have more conversations with him.
2. Read the sentence. Which Word could we use to replace
was’ Why?
I´d send you a lot of emails if I was ar university in Australia.

3. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use

the correct form of the second conditional.
1. If I (be) you, I (shut down) the computer and
go to bed!
2. If we (have) an internet connection, we (use)
YouTube to
watch videos.
3. We (come up with) a better idea if wew (not be)
so tired.
4. Tracey (give) you some good advice if you (ask)
her.
5. If you (take) you laptop to the shop, they (fix) it.
6. I (not study) computer technology if I (go) to
college – I don´t like computers!
4. In which sentences can we use a modal verb instead
of would in the main clause?

5. Complete these second conditional sentences. Use

these words to help you.

call the computer shop get up late look on Wikipedia

order online take an English course

1. If it were Saturday morning,

2. If Juan wanted to work in the UK,
3. If yoyr laptop was broken,
4. If I needed information about something,
5. If I couldn´t go to the supermarket,
 THE PASSIVE: PRESENT SIMPLE
1. Read about the present simple passive.
Use
We use the passive voice when
• We want to focus on the action and not the person sho does it (the
agent)
In geocaching, a GPS is used.
• We do not know or are not interested in who does the action, or it is
obvious who does the action.
The world is separated into tho hemispheres.

Form
• We form the passive voice of the present simple with the verb to be
(am / is / are) and the past participle on the main verb.
The garden is planted in spring.
The compass points are labelled
• In negative sentences, we add not after am /is /are.
The latest devices are made here.
The latest devices aren´t made here.
• In questions, we put am/ is /are are at the beginning of the sentence.
Is the garden planted in spring?
Are the latest devices made here?

Agent
In a passive sentence, we sometimes want to mention the agent. To do
this we use by + name/noun. We only mention the agent when we know
who does the action we are talking about.
Robbers are hunted by the pólice

Active and passive sentences

We change an active sentence into a passive sentence as follows:
• The object in the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive
sentence.
Logan takes photos. Photos are taken by Logan.
• We use the verb to be (am/ is/ are for the present simple) and the past
participle of the main verb in the active sentence.
Logan takes potos. Photos are taken by Logan
• If we want to mention the agent, we use by.
Logan takes potos. Photos are taken by Logan
2. Look at these sentences and underline the verbs they
contain. Which sentence is an example of the present
simple passive? How do we Know?
a. Fun activities are done by club members.
b. Someone hides an object in the forest.

3. Baseball is a very popular outdoor activity in the USA.

Look at the prompts about the game and write sentences
in your notebook using the present simple passive.

1. Baseball / play / indoors

2. Baseball / enjoy / by Canadians and Americans
3. Baseball games/ watch / by many fans
4. Normal clothes / wear / by baseball players
5. A big ball / use / in baseball
6. A small ball / throw / by a player called a pitcher
7. The baseball / hit / by a player called a batter
8. Lots of `runs´/ score / during a baseball game