INTRODUCTION 02

Pakistan commenced its life

from infancy in an extremely
challenging environment
demanding enormous
01 struggles for consolidation
03
and survival
National integration
is the pursuit for Security forces and other
harmony within the state institutions with full
state. It bind every support of the nation have
segment of the responded to existing and
emerging challenges in
society.
befitting manner
 AIM
To understand National
Integration challenges
faced by Pakistan and
suggest options available
for strengthening the
federation
 SEQUENCE AS FLASHED

CONCEPTUAL OPPORTUNITIES
OVERVIEW OF CASE STUDIES AND CHALLENGES
CONTOURS OF
CONTEMPORARY – NATIONAL TO NATIONAL
NATIONAL INTEGRATION OF
ENVIRONMENT INTEGRATION
INTEGRATION PAKISTAN
 PART I: CONCEPTUAL
CONTOURS OF NATIONAL
INTEGRATION
 NATION
A society, which has a
distinctive civilization and also
possesses its own state.

NATIONAL
INTEGRATION
Development of shared values, the attainment of a
pattern of conflict resolution by way of
accommodation and compromise and resolution of
vertical and horizontal cleavages.
 EVOLUTION OF NATIONAL
INTEGRATION AND ITS
LINKAGE WITH
NATIONALSIAM

Modern State
Pre-International International System (peace of
World System Westphalia)

Rise Of Invention of Introduction of

Commercial Class Nationalism Democracy
 PATTERNS OF INTEGRATION
Political Economic
Assimilation Full Partial
Integration Integration
Accommodation
Economic
Ethnic Types of Segregation
Conflict
Majority
Integration
Control
ASSIMILATION

The melting
pot
Cultural
Social pluralism
Factors Effecting National Integration
Fractured Political
Setup and Weak Sectarian Haves and A Model to
Public Institutions Divide Have Not Emulate

1 3 5 7

2 4 6 8

Multi-ethnic Mis-constructed Economic Trans-National

Society Ideology Fragility Interferences
 Ideal
Global/ regional Nationalism Heterogenous states Standardized
environment has is recipe for face multiple
complexities education
strong influences durable system
solution

Socio-
Right form
Economic of
disparities democracy
Globalized Conclusions
world has
become Strong
transparent government
Strong
at all tiers
economy
PART II: OVERVIEW
OF
CONTEMPORARY
ENVIRONMENT
 PAKISTAN
Pakistan national IRAN
integration only
emerges in times Iranians have a INDIA
of natural deep awareness of CHINA
disaster, national their historical and Indians have made
dilemma or an cultural identity,
National
Xi Jinping’s
which also plays a
Integration vision of “China RUSSIA
external threat.
pivot role in their
Council (NIC) in dream” and a AMERICA
national integration stronger nation The state
2006 headed by
with a higher apparatus follows The declaration of
PM to leverage
standard of living top-bottom independence: “all
national unity
gave a pivot of approach on the men are created
unity to Chinese. managerial theory equal” with the
right to life, liberty
and the pursuit of
COUNTRIES FOCUSED FOR happiness
STUDY : DEVELOPED TO
UNDER- DEVELOPED
STATES
PART III: CASE
STUDIES-
NATIONAL
INTEGRATION
 Case Studies

Nigeria’s case India’s case Pakistan’s case FATA

study study study Mainstreaming

It is important to eval case studies to draw pertinent conclusions,

which can be helpful for application of our own model.
 Fault lines in multi
ethnicity, religious,
Major Challenges socio-economic
Faced For National disparities.
Integration

Internal security and six

military interventions
Nigeria Case
Study Efforts of economic
revival and con over
corruption
Measures
Initiatives like judicial
Taken For Integration reforms, sate-con
religious activities, focus
on education and poverty
alleviation
 Major Challenges Measures Taken
Faced For National For Integration
Integration

Credible political
A heterogenous system backed by
society with compatible
India's enormous ethno- leadership
Case religion diversity
Study
Carefully planned
Rise of Hindu foreign policy
Nationalism has facilitating economy
marginalized and image perception
religious minorities
East a) Major challenges faced for
Pakistan’s national integration
Case Study
- Both wings were approx. 1000
miles apart

- Socio-economic disparities, language

issues, difference in constitution, civil/
armed forces services disparity,
political turbulence
 Measures Taken For Integration
Policy Description Outcome
National language policy Impose Urdu as national Not accepted
language
One unit plan Policy of centralization Alienated Bengalis
Federal capital in west Extensive economic Originated a sense of
wing development deprivation
Creation of power circle The a ruled country and east Created disaffection
of civil military Pakistan had little
bureaucracy representation
Political migration Posting o non Bengali civil Perceived as ruled by aliens
military personnel
Elections Both political parties refused to Dismemberment
accept results
Approx. 40% people have no regular
income

Overall literacy rate stands at

33.3%
7,800 persons per doctor, one health care FATA
facility for every 4,200 persons
Mainstreaming
Around 60% of the population lived
below the poverty line .
FATA was governed directly by the
president through governor KPK as his
agent
Frontier crime regulation granted
special legal administrative
 Religion plays a vital
role
Conclusions Geography of a state plays a
vital role
Education system is a paramount importance
for transforming future generations

Socio-economic disparities play a vital role

in fragmentation of any country

Governance at all tiers must

be effective
Political system of any country
defines the future course
Understanding the national identity
and adoption of measures
PART IV: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES TO
NATIONAL INTEGRATION OF PAKISTAN
 Gathering storm
Evolution of Pakistan’s and the cloud Reclaiming
National Integration burst of violence Pakistan against
(1980-2008) all odds (2010-
Challenges 2019)

Political
turbulence and
power struggle Searching for
ideology
Generate national
identity out of Searching for
diversity identity (1947-50)
Searching for
social contract
(1950-70)
 Aghaz-e-
Rebuilding Huqooq-e- Restoration of
national Baluchitan’s
peace,
package
narrative rebuilding and
mainstreaming
FATA
Implementation
of national Reclaiming
Revision
action plan Pakistan against all
(2014)
in criteria
odds (2010-2019) of NFC
awards
Promulgation
of 18th Focus on
Amendment Ministry of inter socio
provincial
Religious political
coordination and
council of harmony development
common interest
 Treating the Polarization of
Exogenous
symptoms rather political science
factors
than curing disease

18th amendment
Diversity Your Text Here
and National
Integration
Current and
future challenges Water appointment
Mis-constructed
to Pakistan between the
Ideology provinces
National
Integration Non-violent
Efficacy of our
ethnic
social contract
movements

Regional and Social media – a

Education weapon of mass
religious fissures system indoctrination
Efficacy of our social contract
Security An un-Islamic country may
last awhile but tyranny cannot
be endured: Hazrat Ali (RA)
Social justice, equal
opportunities, and shared
economic prosperity
Creating zones of prosperity

Good governance
 HDI Index Comparison
Index Punjab Baluchistan

Overall HDI 0.732 (High Medium Human 0.421 (Low Human Developed)
Development)

Highly Developed Districts 4 Nil

Average schooling years 10.1 years 7.4 years

Female literacy 55% 25%

 Social unrest due to weak socio-economic and
political structure

Develop common stakes and future

Common ideology and struggle of our forefathers and duties

towards Pakistan must be embedded in education system

Create crises of National Integration in future

Development should be inclusive, targeting poorer and

marginalized segments of society and regions
PART V
 National resilience stands
Armed forces and LEA’S
01 prominent for Pakistan’s
society
02 have performed in
scintillating manner
Pakistan is following federal
03 system with a constitution
Cordial environment exists consensus
04 among various EoNPs and
synergized efforts Religion is a strong factor
05 and a binding force
The media has posed a
06 caution on all stakeholders
CPEC appears to be the
07 major opportunity

Binding Factors
 Way Forward

1 2 3 4
Immediate Short term Medium Long term
term (IT) (ST) 2—5 term (MT) (LT) up to
up to 2 years 5-10 years 15 years
years
Unity In
Diversity: Means
Effective
legislation Local
governance Medial
system policy
Education
reforms
Transparency
 Unity In Diversity: Ways

Reforms:

01
Positive role of

01 02
Ministry of
Education (IT) 04 media to build
unity (ST)
05 03 Deliberate scrutiny
04 Promotion of
02 in alignment with
national theme of
cohesion (IT)
05 diversity in
culture (IT-LT)

03
Constitutional
amendment
(ST)
Ideology And Common Aspirations: Means
Implementation Firewall against
of NAP external factors

01 02 03 04 05
Implementation Socio- Role of media
of Madrasah economic
Reforms initiatives
Ways Strict control over
media and strict Centralized authority
legislation (IT-MT) over mosques (MT-LT)

Strict financial
monitoring (IT-LT) Socio-economic
initiatives (IT-LT)

Controversial
religious personalities
may be excluded (IT)

Registration Capacity building

of Madrasah and strict monitoring
(IT-LT) (IT-LT)
Efficacy Of Social Contract: Means

Maintenance of law and order

Transparency

Police and judicial

reforms

Education reforms

Government reforms
 Efficacy Of Social Contract: Ways

01 02 03 04
Invest in human resources (IT-MT)
Reform commission Introduction of a) Allocate budget Revamping of
report on good accountability b) Uniform syllabus judicial system
governance are system (MT-LT) c) Control of Federal/Provincial (IT-MT)
available (IT-LT) Madrasah
d) Quality higher education
Political Issues: Means

01 Legislation
02 Shared decision
making

03 Role of media .
 Political Issues: Ways
01
Delink population factor
from electoral process
04
(MT-LT) Implementation of
National Action Plan
02 05 (IT)
Comprehensive dialogue
04
to find out solution (IT- 05
ST) 03
Baluchistan
02 a) Political reconciliation
03 b) Ehsaas Programme
Implementation of 01
National/provincial
policies (IT)
Economic Aspects: Means
Economic Revival Of Country, Prove To Be
Beneficial

1 Maximum Capitalization
of CPEC

Revival of existing Industries

2 and Agriculture Sector

3 Human resource development

 Economic Aspects: Ways

Improve Incentivize Requirement of

Increase
Completion global and
Establishment Agriculture skilled labour
of Gwadar enabling diversify along with
of SEZs contribution
port projects trade index export (NAVTEC) and
(IT-MT) to GDP
(IT-MT) 122nd (MT- industry (TEVTA)
(ST)
LT) (ST) (MT)