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and
Statistical Treatment
Objectives:
A sample selected in
such a way that every
element in the
population has an
equal probability of
being chosen.
Equivalently, all
samples of size n have
an equal chance of
being selected.
Stratified Random Sampling
A sample obtained by
stratifying the sampling
frame and then
selecting a fixed
number of items from
each of the strata by
means of a simple
random sampling
technique.
Systematic Sampling
A sample in which every kth item of the sampling
frame is selected, starting from the first element
which is randomly selected from the first k
elements.
Clustered Sampling
A sample obtained by
stratifying the
sampling frame and
then selecting some or
all of the items from
some of, but not all,
the strata.
Acitivity on Sampling Technique
A psychologist is studying the sleeping patterns of
the 3960 students at her university. She decides to
start by asking a random sample of 30 students
how many hours of sleep they get weekday nights.
Identify the type of sample in each of the following
survey methods.
a) The psychologist assigns each student a number
from 1 to 3960. She selects the sample by
randomly choosing one of the first 132 numbers
and every 132nd number thereafter.
Systematic Sample
Acitivity on Sampling Technique
A psychologist is studying the sleep patterns of the
3960 students at her university. She decides to start
by asking a random sample of 30 students how
many hours of sleep they get weekday nights.
Identify the type of sample in each of the following
survey methods.
b) The psychologist assigns each student a number
from 0001 to 3960 and uses a computer to
randomly generate a list of 30 numbers to select the
students for the sample.
System Random Sample
Acitivity on Sampling Technique
A psychologist is studying the sleep patterns of the
3960 students at her university. She decides to start
by asking a random sample of 30 students how
many hours of sleep they get weekday nights.
Identify the type of sample in each of the following
survey methods.
c) Students are listed by the neighborhood they live
in. The psychologist randomly selects six
neighborhoods and then randomly selects five
students from each one.
Cluster Sample
Acitivity on Sampling Technique
A psychologist is studying the sleep patterns of the
3960 students at her university. She decides to start
by asking a random sample of 30 students how
many hours of sleep they get weekday nights.
Identify the type of sample in each of the following
survey methods.
Stratified Sample
Taro Yamane Sampling Formula
Statistical Treatments
P-value method:
=T.TEST(array1,array2,tails,type)
Two-Sample T-Test Paired
A test to determine whether the difference of the
mean of two independent groups is significant.
D = mean of differences
N = Number of matched pairs
=T.TEST(array1,array2,tails,type)
ANOVA - Analysis of Variance
A commonly used family of statistical tests that
may be considered a logical extension of the t-
test and is used for comparing 2 or more mean
scores
ANOVA
ANOVA design which statistically adjusts the
difference among group means to allow for the
fact that the groups differ on some other
variable
frequently used to adjust for inequality of groups at
the start of a research study
Nonparametric Statistics