“Improve the Safety of

Your Workers by
Training Them in First
Aid CPR & AED”

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 Outline

• First Aid Basics

• Medical Emergencies
• Injury Emergencies
• Environmental Emergencies
• CPR and AED
• Q&A Segment
First Aid Basics
 Deciding to Provide First Aid

• Some people may be required to perform First Aid

while working
• If they are off-duty, they can choose whether or
not to provide First Aid
• Providing First Aid may be part of your job
description
• Before you provide First Aid, it’s important to ask
the ill or injured person if you may help
 Supplying the First Aid Kit

• Contains supplies you might need in an emergency

• Not all contain the same supplies
• Keep the supplies in a sturdy, watertight container
that is clearly labeled
• Know where the First Aid kit is
• Replace what you use
• Check it at the beginning of each work period
 Assessing the Scene

• Look out for danger to you and the injured

person
• Look for people who can help you and look for
telephones
• Who’s injured?
• Where are they?
 Exposure to Blood

• Standard precautions are not the same as universal precautions (UP)

• Standard precautions combine UP concepts and body fluids isolation
• Apply to blood, all other body fluids (saliva, sweat, semen), nonintact
skin, mucous membranes
• Bloodborne diseases are caused by germs
• A rescuer may catch a disease if germs in someone else’s blood or body
fluids enter the rescuer’s body
• Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) to keep from touching the
injured person’s blood or body fluids
 When to Phone for Help

• Ask for help whenever:

– Someone is seriously ill or injured
– You are not sure what to do
• Examples of someone who is seriously ill or injured:
– Does not respond to voice or touch
– Has chest discomfort
– Has signs of stroke
– Has a problem breathing
 Finding the Problem

• Check the scene to be sure it is safe

• Tap the person and shout “Are you OK?”
• Check if the person is breathing
• Look for signs of injury such as bleeding,
broken bones, burns or bites
• Look for medical information jewelry
Medical Emergencies
 General Breathing Problems

• Is breathing very fast or slow

• Is having trouble with every breath
• Has noisy breathing
• Can only make sounds or speak no more than a
few words at a time in between breaths
Helping with Breathing Problems
 Helping a Choking Adult

• If someone is
choking, they might
use the choking
sign
Helping a Choking Adult
 Allergic Reactions

• People can be allergic to many things,

including:
– Foods such as eggs, nuts, and chocolate
– Insect stings or bites, especially bee or wasp
stings
 Using Epinephrine Pens

• Will help someone with a severe allergic

reaction breathe more easily
• Contains a small amount of medicine that can
be injected through clothing
• Takes several minutes before the medicine
starts to work
• Injection is given in the side of the thigh
Using Epinephrine Pens
Injury Emergencies
 Bleeding You can See

• When a large blood vessel is cut or torn, the

person can lose a lot of blood within minutes
• You can stop most bleeding with pressure
• If the injured person can help you, ask them to
put direct pressure on the wound while you
put on your personal protective equipment
(PPE)
Bleeding You can See
 Bandaging

• A bandage is
material used to
protect or cover an
injured body part
• A bandage may
also help keep
pressure on the
wound
 Fractures

• Open
• Closed
• Complicated

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 Fractures

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 Fractures – Five S’s

• Sling for clavicle fractures and shoulder

fractures
• Strap for rib fractures
• Splint, usually improvised
• Shift the patient with utmost care
• Seek professional help at the earliest

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 Amputation
• Control the bleeding
• Beware of shock
• Recover the amputated part and
whenever possible take it with the victim
• The amputated part does not need to be
cleaned
• Wrap the amputated part with a dry
sterile gauze or other clean cloth
• Put the wrapped amputated part in a
plastic bag or other waterproof container
• Keep the amputated part cool but do not
freeze

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 Burns

• Burns are injuries that can be caused by

contact with heat, electricity, or chemicals
• Heat burns can be caused by contact with fire,
a hot surface, a hot liquid, or steam
• If someone with a burn gets too cold, they can
get hypothermia
 Burns

Small burns

Large burns

(118).
 Electrical Injuries

• Electricity can burn the body on the inside and

outside
• Electricity can stop breathing or cause a deadly
abnormal heart rhythm
• Electricity may leave only small marks on the
body
 Electrical Injuries

(118).
Environmental
Emergencies
 Bites and Stings

• Usually insect and spider bites and stings cause

only mild pain, itching, and swelling at the bite
• Some insect bites can be serious and even fatal
if:
– The person bitten has a severe allergic
reaction to the bite or sting
– Poison is injected into the person
Bites and Stings

(118)
 Heat Cramps

• Most heat-related emergencies are caused by

vigorous exercise
• Heat cramps are painful muscle spasms, most
often in the calves, arms, stomach muscles, and
back
• Signs of heat cramps include muscle cramps,
sweating, and headache
Heat Cramps
 Heat Exhaustion

• Heat exhaustion is a serious condition that

often turns into heat stroke
• It often occurs when someone exercises in the
heat and sweats a lot
• Signs of heat exhaustion include sweating,
nausea, dizziness, vomiting, muscle cramps,
feeling faint, and fatigue
 Heat Exhaustion

(118).
CPR and AED
 Acute Coronary Syndrome

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 Angina Pectoris

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 Sudden Cardiac Arrest

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 Who needs CPR?

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 The Chain of Survival

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 What to do?
• Yell for help Tell someone to call 118. Ask another bystander to bring you
an AED (automated external defibrillator). Time is of the essence.
– If you’re alone with an adult who has these signs of cardiac arrest, call 118 and
get an AED (if one is available).
• Check breathing If the person isn’t breathing or is only gasping, administer
CPR. Look, feel, listen.
• Give CPR: Push hard and fast Push down at least two inches at a rate of
100 to 120 pushes a minute in the center of the chest, allowing the chest
to come back up to its normal position after each push.
• Use an AED Use the automated external defibrillator as soon as it arrives.
Turn it on and follow the prompts.
• Keep pushing Continue administering CPR until the person starts to
breathe or move, or until someone with more advanced training takes
over, such as an EMS team member.

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 Look, feel, listen

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New CPR Sequence
 Compressions

• A compression is the act of pushing on the

chest
• People often don’t push hard enough because
they’re afraid of hurting the victim
• An injury is unlikely, but it is better than death
• It is better to push too hard than not hard
enough
Compressions
 Give Breaths

• Compressions are the most important part

of CPR
• If you are also able to give breaths, you will
help even more
• Your breaths need to make the chest rise
• When the chest rises, you know the person
has taken in enough air
Open the Airway
Give Breaths
 Use an AED

• If you start CPR and

then use an AED
within a few
minutes, you will
have the best chance
of saving a life
• AEDs are safe,
accurate, and easy to
use
 AED Programs – Why?

• 294,000 cases of EMS-treated out-of-hospital

sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) each year in the
U.S.
• Less than one-third receive bystander CPR;
even fewer receive bystander defibrillation
• Bystander CPR and time to defibrillation are
key
 Resources

• www.OnlineAHA.org
• www.heart.org/heartquarters
• www.heart.org/eccclassconnector
• www.heart.org/instructor
 Summary

• According to OSHA, more than 3.3 million non-

fatal injuries and illnesses occur in the
workplace
• First Aid, CPR, AED and Bloodborne Pathogens
training is a “must do” in keeping your
employees safe
 Contact:
IG: @raxend
WA: 0817772797

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