WIRELESS SENSOR

NET WORKS

- Presented by
V. Harshika
(1005-18-742212)
 INTRODUCTION
 Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) refers
to a group of spatially dispersed and
dedicated sensors for monitoring and
recording the physical conditions of the
environment and organizing the collected
data at a central location.
 WSNs measure environmental conditions
like temperature, sound, pollution levels,
humidity, wind, and so on.
 These are similar to Wireless Ad hoc
Networks in the sense that they rely on Fig: Representation of a
wireless connectivity and spontaneous Wireless Sensor
formation of networks so that sensor data Network
can be transported wirelessly.
Fig: Wireless Sensor Network
 SENSOR NODE
 The WSN is built of "nodes" – from a few to several hundreds or
even thousands, where each node is connected to one (or
sometimes several) sensors.
 A sensor node is a node in a sensor network that is capable of
performing some processing , gathering sensory information and
communicating with other connected nodes in the network.

Transceiver

Fig: Architecture of a Sensor Node

Fig. Examples of present-day Sensor Nodes
CHARACTERISTICS OF WSNS
The characteristics of WSN include the following :
 The consumption of Power limits for nodes with batteries
 Capacity to handle with node failures
 Some mobility of nodes and Heterogeneity of nodes
 Scalability to large scale of distribution
 Capability to ensure strict environmental conditions
 Simple to use
 Cross-layer design
Fig: An Overview of Networking Technologies
 MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK
 A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a decentralized type
of wireless network.
 It is a self-configuring network where nodes, connected by
wireless links, can move freely and thus the topology of the
network changes constantly.
 The network is ad hoc because it does not rely on a pre-existing
infrastructure, such as routers in wired networks or access
points in managed (infrastructure) wireless networks.
 Instead, each node participates in routing by forwarding data for
other nodes, so the determination of which nodes forward data
is made dynamically on the basis of network connectivity and
the routing algorithm in use.
Fig: Simple Mobile Ad hoc Network
 MANET & WSN - SIMILARITIES
 Both of them are connected via radio waves

 Self-management setup

 Battery-powered devices

 No fixed network infrastructure

 MANET & WSN -
DIFFERENCES
MANETs WSNs
 Used by human  For environment
 Less number of sensors  More number of sensors
 Sensor failure is low  Sensor failure is high
 Network size is determined by  Network size is determined by
the number of active users the size of observed area
 Mobile sensors  Sensors are stationary
 Longer lifetime, powerful  Shorter lifetime, less powerful
equipment equipment
 Uses Public Key Cryptography  Uses Symmetric Key
for security Cryptography for security
ROUTING IN WSNS
 ADVANTAGES OF WSNS
 Network arrangements can be carried out without immovable
infrastructure.
 Apt for the non-reachable places like mountains, over the sea,
rural areas and deep forests.
 Flexible if there is a casual situation when an additional
workstation is required.
 Execution pricing is inexpensive.
 It avoids plenty of wiring.
 It might provide accommodations for the new devices at any
time.
 It can be opened by using a centralized monitoring.
 APPLICATIONS
 Physical security for military operations 
 Indoor/Outdoor Environmental monitoring 
 Seismic and structural monitoring 
 Industrial automation
 Bio­medical applications
 Health and Wellness Monitoring
 Inventory Location Awareness
 Future consumer applications, including smart homes
 CHALLENGES
 Limited battery power
 Limited storage and computation
 Lower bandwidth and high error rates
 Scalability to 1000s of nodes
Any Questions??
THANK YOU!!