LECTURES ON

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Prasanta Deb
Assistant Professor
Department of Human Physiology
M.B.B. College, Agartala
 OUTLINE
GAMETOGENESIS Lecture 1 & 2

a. Oogenesis
stages of meiosis in the female ovarian maturation, hormones
and cycles ovulation

b. Spermatogenesis Lecture 3
stages of meiosis in the male differentiation (spermiogenesis)

FERTILIZATION Lecture 4

a. Where it takes place

b. How it takes place
 SOME TERMS

Gamete: egg or sperm

Gametogenesis: production of eggs or sperm
Oogenesis: production of eggs
Spermatogenesis: production of sperm
Spermiogenesis: differentiation of sperm morphology
Follicle: where eggs mature in the ovary
Ovulation: release of egg from follicle
Polar body: nonfunctional product of meiotic divisions in
oogenesis
Zygote: Fertilized egg
 SOME MORE TERMS

Oogonia: mitotically dividing cells in the ovary, will become

Oocytes

Primary oocyte: decision has been made to undergo meiosis,

cell has grown. Cells are arrested at this stage until puberty.

Secondary oocyte: has completed first meiotic division the

division was unequal in terms of cytoplasm

Ovum: Ovulated egg, ready to be fertilized. If fertilized, the

second meitoic division will occur, another polar body will be
given off.
Histology of testis
HISTOLOGY OF TESTES

Tunica Vasculosa
HISTOLOGY OF TESTES
Spermatogenesis
 Spermatogenic cycle
The following is an example of how the number of spermatozoa is increased by repetitive mitotic
divisions of spermatogonial cells followed by the two meiotic divisions. There are actually more than 4
types of spermatogonia, so the actual number of mature spermatozoa originating from the initial
division of a type A1 spermatogonium is actually greater than 96.

A1 24 primary spermatocytes
First meiotic division lasts
Mitosis several weeks in humans
Reductional division
Meiosis I

2A1 48 secondary spermatocytes Second meiotic division takes about

Mitosis 8 hours in humans
Meiosis II Equational division

Mitosis
A1 3A2 96 spermatids An entire spermatogenic cycle in
humans takes about 64 days.
Mitosis

6B1 Spermiogenesis
Mitosis
= Spermateleosis
= Spermatozoan metamorphosis

12B2

96 mature spermatozoa
The maturing spermatids remain attached by cytoplasmic bridges as they mature => syncytium
THANK YOU