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See: http://allafrica.com/stories/201001060665.html
Zimbabwe Coal Bed Methane Gas :
Environmental Impact Assessment Study [ 2 ]
CONTINUED from allAfrica.com dated 6th January,2010 : -
“...... At the time the granting of the National Project Status was expected to pave way
for the release of funds for proving that the gas resource in the area was mineable.
Estimates then put the cost of the project, which included setting up a mini gas field,
at US$12 million.
The Industrial Development Corporation, which has been spearheading the project,
signed a memorandum of understanding with an Indian company in respect of the
project in 2006.However, the commencement of the project has been stalled by delays in
securing an investor to partner the IDC in the project......”. UNQUOTE.
See http://allafrica.com/stories/201001060665.html
Zimbabwe Coal Bed Methane Gas :
Environmental Impact Assessment Study [ 3 ]
CONTINUED........... allAfrica.com dated 6th January,2010 : -
QUOTE : “......... Another company that also has interest in the area, Zambezi Gas,
which owns the Entuba claim in Hwange, is also expected to start exploiting its gas
reserves.
The company recently indicated that it would start with coal mining within the claim
in order to raise the capital needed to exploit the gas reserves.
The company recently took delivery of equipment worth more than US$5 million from
China to begin coal mining.
Zimbabwe has the largest untapped gas reserves in Southern Africa.
Apart from the Entuba gas reserves, the Lupane area is estimated to have 665 000
cubic metres of methane gas deposits, making it the biggest reserve in the region.......”.
UNQUOTE.
See http://allafrica.com/stories/201001060665.html
Zimbabwe Coal Bed Methane Gas :
Environmental Impact Assessment Study [4 ]
See http://www.thestandard.co.zw/local/10775.html
Zimbabwe Coal Bed Methane Gas :
Environmental Impact Assessment Study [ 6 ]
• Extract from Zimvest : Investing in Zimbabwe
QUOTE : “...... The Government recognises the need to stimulate investment. Therefore,
it is the intended objective of increasing investment capacity from 4% of GDP to over 25%
of GDP. Increased investment is meant to underpin sustainable economic growth and
development…..
Zimbabwe’s overall investment environment offers a market driven economy with the
following attributes:
• See : http://www.zimvest.co.za/find.asp
Zimbabwe Coal Bed Methane Gas :
Environmental Impact Assessment Study [7]
EXTRACT : TRADE INVEST AFRICA and INTERNATIONAL LAND COALITION dated 15 th January, 2010 :-
See http://www.tradeinvestafrica.com/investment_opportunities/227542.htm
See http://www.landcoalition.org/cpl-blog/?p=4281
Zimbabwe Coal Bed Methane Gas :
Environmental Impact Assessment Study [ 8 ]
Extract from The Herald (Zimbabwe ) dated 20th July 2009
QUOTE : “......... DESPITE various economic benefits that come with utilising the
country's gold, there is need to raise the level of awareness of various stakeholders on
the environmental impact of gold panning in the country, Deputy Minister of Mines and
Mining Development Murisi Zwizwai has said.
Speaking in an interview with the Herald Business Deputy Minister Zwizwai said there
was an urgent need to bring all stakeholders in the mining business together to deal
with the negative effects of mining on the environment.
"Mining is a beneficial activity to any country and in Zimbabwe we are ready to utilise
all mineral resources at our disposal to revamp our economy.
"It is also true that mining activities have that negative impact on the environment
mainly because of the different extraction methods used in mining," said the Deputy
Minister. ......”. UNQUOTE.
See : http://allafrica.com/stories/200907200050.html
Zimbabwe Coal Bed Methane Gas :
Environmental Impact Assessment Study [ 9 ]
Comparitive Studies of Environmental Impact of Coal Mining in :-
USA
China
Canada
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe Coal Bed Methane Gas :
Environmental Impact
USA : Extract from BUKISA Assessment
on the subject of The Environmental Study [ Mining
Impact of Coal 10 ]dated
11thJjanuary, 2009 :-
QUOTE : “....... Coal mining can cause adverse environmental impacts if environmental precautions
are not taken. In the past, strip mining would severely damage most environmental value in the
surrounding land. In response to negative land effects of coal mining and the abundance of
abandoned mines, the federal government enacted the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act
of 1977 (SMCRA), which requires reclamation plans for future coal mining sites. Reclamation plans
must be approved and permitted by federal or state authorities before mining begins. As of 2003,
over 2 million acres (8000 km²) of previously mined lands have been reclaimed in the United
States........”.
See : http://www.bukisa.com/articles/23236_the-environmental-impacts-of-coal-mining
Zimbabwe Coal Bed Methane Gas :
Environmental Impact Assessment Study [ 11 ]
• CHINA : Extract from the World bank : Mitigating the Environmental Impact of
Coal in China :
QUOTE : “...... While China’s coal resources are deemed sufficient for its needs in
the coming two decades, the environmental cost of coal use is already beginning to
take its toll, particularly through SO2 (Sulphure Dioxide) and NOx (Nitrogen
Oxides) emissions which are the leading causes of acid rain. In 2002, about 34
percent (or 6.6 million tons) of China’s SO2 emissions were released from power
plants. Acid rain falls on an estimated 30 percent of China’s land mass and can
become a threat to agricultural output. China’s CO 2 (Carbon Dioxide) emissions,
second only to the United States, are also a threat to the global environment.
See :
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2010/oct/06/mining
-mining
Zimbabwe Coal Bed Methane Gas :
Environmental Impact Assessment Study [ 13 ]
• Source: Anadarko Petroleum Corporation.....
• See : http://www.naturalgas.org/environment/naturalgas.asp
Zimbabwe Coal Bed Methane Gas :
Environmental Impact Assessment Study [ 14 ]
• EXTRACT : NaturalGas.org
• QUOTE : “..... Natural gas is a clean burning fuel; its combustion emits fewer pollutants
into the atmosphere than other fossil fuels. However, use of natural gas aside, the
process of getting natural gas from underground to the end user has the potential for
being environmentally destructive. Because of this, industry members have undertaken
a number of initiatives, and invested in up to date technology that helps to mitigate the
impact of natural gas production, transportation, and distribution. This section will
discuss various programs and innovations that help to keep the environmental impact of
the natural gas industry as small as possible, and provide links to relevant information
regarding the natural gas industry and the environment........”. UNQUOTE.
See : http://www.naturalgas.org/environment/ng_industry_environment.asp
Zimbabwe Coal Bed Methane Gas :
Environmental Impact Assessment Study [ 15 ]
Benefits of New Technology for Gas Exploration and
Gas Extraction -
See :
http://www.naturalgas.org/environment/ng_industry_environment.asp
Zimbabwe Coal Bed Methane Gas :
Environmental Impact Assessment Study [ 16 ]
• EXTRACT : NaturalGas.org
The exploration and production of natural gas can have a significant impact on the environment. However,
innovative technologies have lessened the effect that natural gas exploration and production have on the
environment. The benefits of technology are threefold:
" Allow for More Efficient Natural Gas Recovery - More efficient exploration and extraction techniques lead to
the need for fewer wells to produce the same amount of natural gas. Since drilling operations impact the environment
both onshore and offshore, fewer wells mean less environmental degradation.
" Provide Cleaner Operations - Innovative, energy efficient drilling and production methods decrease the emissions
of air pollutants including greenhouse gases, reduce leaks and spills both onshore and offshore, protect ground water
from contamination, and reduce the risk of blowouts.
" Allow for Smaller Drilling Footprints - New drilling technologies allow for the use of smaller drilling rigs, and
decrease the surface impact of drilling for natural gas. Directional and horizontal drilling allow for less surface impact
as a greater number of wells may be drilled from a single location, and drilling rig placement is more flexible........”.
UNQUOTE.
• See : http://www.naturalgas.org/environment/ng_industry_environment.asp
Zimbabwe Coal Bed Methane Gas : Environmental
Impact Assessment Study [ 17 ]
http://www.naturalgas.org/environment/ng_industry_environment.asp
Zimbabwe Coal Bed Methane Gas :
Environmental Impact Assessment Study [ 18 ]
Extract : NaturalGas.org
QUOTE : “...... ...Many specific technologies allow the natural gas industry to
obtain more natural gas per well drilled, and lessen the impact on the
environment from drilling. New processing technologies allow for fewer
emissions and less risk of leaks and spills which may also adversely affect the
environment. The Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy has a report
available entitled 'Environmental Benefits of Advanced Oil and Gas Exploration
and Production Technology', which is an excellent source for learning about
industry advancements and the environmental benefits of increased technology
in the natural gas industry.........” . UNQUOTE.
See : http://www.naturalgas.org/environment/ng_industry_environment.asp
Coal Bed Methane Gas General Information in
the Public Domain
• EXTRACT : ENERGY JUSTICE NETWORK :-
• See : http://www.energyjustice.net/about
Coal Bed Methane Gas General Information in
the Public Domain
• EXTRACT : ENERGY JUSTICE NETWORK
• QUOTE : “......Goals:
. To enable community activists to defeat polluting industries.
• To create participant-led grassroots support networks around technologies that community groups
are fighting.
• To bridge the campus-community divide.
• To bring NIMBY groups to a NIABY analysis (not in anyone's backyard).
• To reshape the energy and waste industries, eliminating support for false solutions and supporting
clean energy and zero waste policies, methods and technologies.
• To act as a clearinghouse, providing information to the general public and the media.
• To shift policies of other organizations, including mainstream environmental groups and
governmental bodies.......”.UNQUOTE.
• http://www.energyjustice.net/about
Coal Bed Methane Gas General Information in
the Public Domain
• Alaska Department of Natural Resources
http://www.cookinletoilandgas.org/kpb/issues.htm
Coal Bed Methane Gas General Information in
the Public Domain
EXTRACT : Atlas Copco ....China
http://www.atlascopco.com/cnus/News/Applicationstories/Coal_Bed_Methan
e_Drilling.asp
Coal Bed Methane Gas General Information in
the Public Domain
• Gas Drilling Rigs
• http://atlascopco.com/oilandgasus/products/oilgasrigs/
• http://pol.atlascopco.com/SGSite/default_prod.asp?
redirpage=products/product_group.asp&redirid=Predator
+Oil+and+Gas+Drilling+System