Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
-Definition,
-Origin of Sedimentary Materials
-Process of formation
SEDIMENTOLOGY
• Measuring and describing the outcrop and distribution of the rock unit.
-Describing the rock formation, a formal process of documenting thickness,
lithology, outcrop, distribution, contact relationships to other formations
-Mapping the distribution of the rock unit
• Descriptions of rock core (drilled and extracted from wells during hydrocarbon
exploration)
• Sequence stratigraphy
-Describes the progression of rock units within a basin
• Describing the lithology of the rock
- particularly measurement of texture, grain size, grain shape (sphericity,
rounding, and so on), sorting and composition of the sediment
• Analyzing the geochemistry of the rock
- including use of radiometric dating, to determine the age of the rock, and its
affinity to source regions
CHARACTERISTICS OF SEDIMENTATION
Porosity is the volume of voids within a rock which can contains fluids.
Permeability is the ability of water or other liquids to pass freely through a rock.
Roundness indicates the roughness of sedimentary grains' surfaces.
Sorting indicates to the range of particle sizes in the sediments or sedimentary
rock.
Matrix is a fine-grained material that's deposited originally with coarser-grained
minerals
ORIGIN OF SEDIMENTARY MATERIALS
Mudrocks are sedimentary rocks composed of at least 50% silt- and clay-sized
particles. These relatively fine-grained particles are commonly transported
by turbulent flow in water or air, and deposited as the flow calms and the
particles settle out of suspension.
Mudrocks are a class of fine grained siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. The varying
types of mudrocks include: siltstone, claystone, mudstone, slate, and shale. Most
of the particles of which the stone is composed are less than 0.0625 mm (1/16th
mm or 0.0025 inches) and are too small to study readily in the field. At first sight
the rock types look quite similar; however, there are important differences in
composition and nomenclature.
Mudrocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Biochemical sedimentary rocks
Mechanical weathering rocks are broken up into smaller pieces by frost-wedging (the freezing and
thawing of water inside cracks in the rock), root-wedging (tree and other plant roots growing into
cracks), and abrasion caused by, for example, sand-blasting of a cliff face by blowing sands in the
dessert, or the scouring of water transported sand, gravel, and boulders on the bedrock of a
mountain stream. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller and smaller pieces but without
otherwise altering the minerals.
Chemical weathering minerals are changed into new minerals and mineral byproducts. Some
minerals like halite and calcite may dissolve completely. Others, especially silicate minerals, are
altered by a chemical process called hydrolysis. Hydrolysis is the reaction of minerals in weakly
acidic waters. Most natural surface waters are slightly acidic because carbon dioxide from the air
dissolves in the water. Some of the dissolved CO2 reacts with the water forming the chemical
compound carbonic acid.
TRANSPORT
Architectural Uses:
-Walls
-Ceilings
STRUCTURAL Uses
Houses: Cement
Structural Uses
Buildings : Footing
Structural Uses
Limestone Gravel
Architectural Uses
Walls
Architectural Uses
Ceiling
Architectural Uses
Gypsum Board
Architectural Uses
Flooring
Architectural Uses
Pebbles
Other Importance of Sedimentary Rocks
Coil
Fossil Fuels
Drinking Water
Ores
Human Seasoning
Metal & wire connection