GASTRITIS

Abasola, Jemaross R.
Advincula, Edelize E.
Bairan, Angelica E.
Learning Objectives:
 Identify risk factors and causes of GASTRITIS
 Discuss symptoms and complications associated with
GASTRITIS
 Identify the different diagnostic procedures to
determine GASTRITIS
 Discuss the different medical and surgical management
for GASTRITIS
 Identify nursing interventions for GASTRITIS
GASTRITIS - Is an inflammation of
the protective lining of the stomach.

Acute Gastritis
- involves sudden and sever inflammation
Chronic Gastritis
- involves long-term inflammation that can last for years if it’s
left untreated
 What causes gastritis?

o Weakness in your stomach lining allows digestive juices to

damage and inflame it, causing gastritis.
o Having a thin or damaged stomach lining raises your risk for
gastritis.
o A gastrointestinal bacterial infection can also cause gastritis. The
most common bacterial infection that causes it is Helicobacter
pylori. It’s a bacterium that infects the lining of the stomach. The
infection is usually passed from person to person, but can also
be transmitted through contaminated food or water.
Types of Gastritis
 Erosive Gastritis
- can cause the stomach lining to wear away, causing erosions – shallow breaks in the
stomach lining – or ulcers – deep sores in the stomach.
 Non Erosive Gastritis
- causes inflammation in the stomach lining; however, erosion or ulcers do not
accompany nonerosive gastritis
 Atrophic gastritis is non-erosive inflammation associated with loss of secretory function
 Usually asymptomatic but may produce
- Dyspepsia
- Abdominal Pain
- Bloating
- Nausea / Vomiting
 May co-exist with erosive peptic disease
 Allows gastric bacterial overgrowth
 Increase susceptibility to pathogens in food
 Atrophic Gastritis
 Atrophic gastritis is non-erosive inflammation associated with loss of secretory
function
 Usually asymptomatic but may produce
- Dyspepsia
- Abdominal Pain
- Bloating
- Nausea / Vomiting
 May co-exist with erosive peptic disease
 Allows gastric bacterial overgrowth
 Increase susceptibility to pathogens in food
What are the symptoms of gastritis?
 nausea
 vomiting
 a feeling of fullness in your upper abdomen, particularly after eating
 Indigestion

If you have erosive gastritis, you might experience different symptoms, including:
 black, tarry stool
 vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds
 Risk factors include:

 Extreme alcohol consumption

 Routine use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen
and aspirin
 cocaine use
 age, because the stomach lining thins naturally with age
 tobacco use
 Other risk factors include:
 stress caused by severe injury, illness, or surgery
 autoimmune disorders
 digestive disorders like Crohn’s disease
 viral infections
 DIAGNOSIS Your body absorbs the
 Blood test. Analysis of a carbon and expels it when
blood sample may reveal you exhale. You exhale into a
evidence of an active or bag, and your doctor uses a
previous H. pylori infection special device to detect the
in your body. However, carbon molecules.
breath and stool tests are
better at detecting active
H. pylori infections than is
a blood test.
 Breath test. During a
breath test, you swallow a
pill, liquid or pudding that
contains tagged carbon
molecules. If you have an
H. pylori infection, carbon
is released when the
solution is broken down in
your stomach.
Scope test. You'll be Stool test.
sedated for this test, A laboratory test
known as an upper called a stool
endoscopy exam. antigen test looks
During the exam, for foreign proteins
your doctor threads (antigens)
a long flexible tube associated with H.
equipped with a pylori infection in
tiny camera your stool. As with
(endoscope) down the breath test, PPIs
your throat and and bismuth
esophagus and into subsalicylate can
your stomach and affect the results of
duodenum. This this test, so your
instrument allows doctor will ask you
your doctor to view to stop taking them
any irregularities in for two weeks
your upper before the test.
digestive tract and
remove tissue
samples (biopsy).
How is gastritis treated
o The treatment for gastritis depends on the cause of the condition
o If you have gastritis caused by NSAIDs or other drugs, avoiding those drugs may be
enough to relieve your symptoms
o Gastritis as a result of H. pylori is routinely treated with antibiotics that kill the bacteria.
o Proton pump inhibitors
Medications called proton pump inhibitors work by blocking cells that create stomach
acid. Common proton pump inhibitors include:
 omeprazole (Prilosec)
 lansoprazole (Prevacid)
 esomeprazole (Nexium)
 However, long-term use of these medications, especially at high doses, can lead
to an increased risk of spine, hip, and wrist fractures. It can also lead to increased
risk of renal failure, dementia, and nutrient deficiencies.
 Speak to your doctor before beginning one of these medications to create a
treatment plan that is right for you.
o Acid reducing medications
Medications that reduce the amount of acid your stomach produces include:
1. ranitidine (Zantac)
2. famotidine (Pepcid)
*By lowering the amount of acid that’s released into your digestive tract, these
medications relieve the pain of gastritis and allow your stomach lining to heal.
o Antacids
*Your doctor may recommend that you use antacids for rapid relief of gastritis pain.
These medications can neutralize the acid in your stomach.
*Some antacids may cause diarrhea or constipation, so talk to your doctor if you
experience any of these side effects.
Foods to avoid on a gastritis diet
 Foods that are high in fat may worsen inflammation in the lining of the stomach. Some other foods to avoid because they can
irritate the stomach are:
• alcohol
• coffee
• acidic foods like tomatoes and some fruits
• fruit juice
• fatty foods
• fried foods
• carbonated drinks
• spicy foods
• allergenic or symptomatic foods
What to eat on a gastritis diet

 There are some foods that may help manage your gastritis and lessen the symptoms. These include:
• high-fiber foods such as apples, oatmeal, broccoli, carrots, and beans
• low-fat foods such as fish, chicken, and turkey breast
• foods with low acidity, or are more alkaline, like vegetables
• drinks that are not carbonated
• drinks without caffeine
References
 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/309046.php
 https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-gastritis#1
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastritis#Pathophysiology
 https://www.healthline.com/health/gastritis
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