 Ischemical substance that brings

about physical, physiological,

behavioral and/or psychological
change in a person taking it.
 A substance other than food which is
intended to affect the structure or
function of the body of the man or
animal
A substance intended for use in the
diagnosis, cure, treatment or
prevention of disease in man or other
animal.
Any drug may be harmful when
taken in:
 Excess;
 Dangerous combinations; and
 By hypersensitive (allergic)
person.
A substance which when taken into the
human body cures illness and/or relieves
signs/symptoms of disease.

a) Dangerous Drugs
b) Prescription Drugs
c) Over the Counter Drugs
d) Medicinal Drug

Ans. d
A substance affecting the central nervous
system which when taken into the human
body brings about physical, emotional, or
behavioral changes in a person taking it..

a) Dangerous Drugs
b) Prescriptive Drugs
c) Over the Counter Drugs
d) Medicinal Drug

Ans. a
These drugs required written authorization
from a doctor to allow a purchase.

a) Dangerous Drugs
b) Prescriptive Drugs
c) Over the Counter Drugs
d) Medicinal Drug

Ans. b
These drugs required written authorization
from a doctor to allow a purchase.

a) Dangerous Drugs
b) Prescriptive Drugs
c) Over the Counter Drugs
d) Medicinal Drug

Ans. b
These drugs are non-prescription
medicines, which may be purchased
from any pharmacy or drugstore without
written authorization from a doctor.

a) Dangerous Drugs
b) Prescriptive Drugs
c) Over the Counter Drugs (OTC)
d) Medicinal Drug

Ans. c
It simply means that the substance is used in
a manner that does not conform to social
norms or it refers to the use of a drug w/ such
frequency that it causes physical or mental
harm to the user or impairs social
functioning.

a) Dangerous Drugs
b) Drug Habituation
c) Drug Abuse
d) Drug Dependence

Ans. c
It is a condition resulting from the
repeated consumption of a drug.

a) Dangerous Drugs
b) Drug Habituation
c) Drug Abuse
d) Drug Dependence

Ans. b
It is a state of psychological or physical
dependence or both on a drug arising in
a person following administration of drug
on a periodic or continuous basis.

a) Dangerous Drugs
b) Drug Habituation
c) Drug Abuse
d) Drug Dependence

Ans. d
What is Psychological Dependence?

It refers to a state in which individual

has a compulsion to take a drug, but
one in which there may not be a
physical dependence.
What is Physical Dependence?

It is a result when a drug has been

used for a long period of time. It is
only identified when a characteristic
of withdrawal or abstinence
syndrome occurs after its use is
discontinued.
COMMON REASONS WHY PEOPLE TURN
TO DRUG ABUSE

1. Parental Influences
 Unhappy home; parents showing little
or no interest in their children
 Parents who use harsh physical
punishments
 Lack of parental values; parents who
are more permissive and liberal
COMMON REASONS WHY PEOPLE TURN
TO DRUG ABUSE

1. Parental Influences
 Parental neglect and lack of
guidance for their children
 Domestic violence and abuse
whether verbal or physical
2. Peer Influences
 Drug using friends encourage,
pressure even a youth to experiment
with drugs
 A person who uses drug select friends
and associate himself to people who
are wrong doing the same.
3. Personal/Personality Factors
 Curiosity or desire to experience
 Escape from physical and mental
pain
 Weak personality; low sense of self-
esteem
Under RA 9165, it is any act of introducing any
dangerous drug into the body of any person with
or without his/her knowledge, by injection,
inhalation, ingestion or other means of
committing any act of indispensable assistance
to a person in administering a dangerous drug to
himself/herself unless administered by a duly
licensed practitioner for purposes of medication

a) Oral Ingestion
b) Inhalation
c) Administer
d) Intramuscular

Ans. c
Type of administration wherein a drug in
gaseous form enters the lungs and is
quickly absorbed by the capillary system.

a) Oral Ingestion
b) Inhalation
c) Administer
d) Intramuscular

Ans. b
It is taken by the mouth and must pass
through the stomach before being
absorbed into the bloodstream. Most
common ways of taking a drug.

a) Oral Ingestion
b) Inhalation
c) Administer
d) Intramuscular

Ans. a
The drug can be administered by the use
of syringe or hypodermic needle.

a) Subcutaneous
b) Intravenous
c) Injection
d) Intramuscular

Ans. c
Injecting the drug just below the surface
of the skin (skin popping)

a) Subcutaneous
b) Intravenous
c) Injection
d) Intramuscular

Ans. a
Injecting the drug into a large muscle that
has good blood supply

a) Subcutaneous
b) Intravenous
c) Injection
d) Intramuscular

Ans. d
Depositing drug directly into bloodstream.
This is the most rapid ways of drug
administration

a) Subcutaneous
b) Intravenous
c) Injection
d) Intramuscular

Ans. b
Inhalation through the nose of drugs not in
gaseous form. It is done by inhaling a
powder of a liquid drug into the nasal
coats of the mucous membrane.

a) Iontophoresis
b) Buccal
c) Snorting
d) Suppositories

Ans. c
Drug is administered by placing it in the
buccal cavity just under the lips. The active
ingredients of the drug are absorbed in the
bloodstream through the soft tissues lining
the mouth.

a) Iontophoresis
b) Buccal
c) Snorting
d) Suppositories

Ans. b
Drug is administered through the vagina
or rectum in a suppository form and the
drug is also absorbed into the
bloodstream.

a) Iontophoresis
b) Buccal
c) Snorting
d) Suppositories

Ans. d
It uses a local electric current to
introduce the ions of a medicine into the
tissues.

a) Iontophoresis
b) Buccal
c) Snorting
d) Suppositories

Ans. a
 Self – Medication Syndrome

The “self medication” syndrome is found

in users and would be users of drugs whose
sources of information are people or
literature other than doctors, pharmacists
and health workers. These could be
members of the family, relatives and/or
neighbors, all of whom may be previously
used the drug for their specific disease or
disorder.
Self – medication may work against the
good of the user because it can lead to
intoxication and other adverse reactions.
The largest amount of a drug that will
produce a desired therapeutic effect,
without any accompanying symptoms of
toxicity.

a) Minimal Dose
b) Maximal Dose
c) Abusive dose
d) Toxic dose
e) Lethal dose
f) Safe dose
Ans. b
The amount needed to treat or to heal,
that is, the smallest amount of drug that
will produce therapeutic effect.

a) Minimal Dose
b) Maximal Dose
c) Abusive dose
d) Toxic dose
e) Lethal dose
f) Safe dose
Ans. a
The amount needed to produce the side
effects and action desired by an
individual who improperly uses it.

a) Minimal Dose
b) Maximal Dose
c) Abusive dose
d) Toxic dose
e) Lethal dose
f) Safe dose
Ans. c
One that will cause death.

a) Minimal Dose
b) Maximal Dose
c) Abusive dose
d) Toxic dose
e) Lethal dose
f) Safe dose
Ans. e
The amount of drug that produces
untoward effects or symptoms of
poisoning.

a) Minimal Dose
b) Maximal Dose
c) Abusive dose
d) Toxic dose
e) Lethal dose
f) Safe dose
Ans. d
Does not cause harmful effect.

a) Minimal Dose
b) Maximal Dose
c) Abusive dose
d) Toxic dose
e) Lethal dose
f) Safe dose
Ans. f
It is anything of no direct medical benefit
which nevertheless makes people feel
better or benefit psychologically.

a) Overdose
b) Allergy
c) Idiosyncrasy
d) Side effects
e) Placebo Effect
f) Poisonous Property
Ans. e
Drugs are chemicals and some of them
have the property of being general
protoplasmic poisons.

a) Overdose
b) Allergy
c) Idiosyncrasy
d) Side effects
e) Placebo Effect
f) Poisonous Property
Ans. f
Some drugs cause the release of
histamine giving rise to allergic symptoms
such as dermatitis, swelling, fall in blood
pressure, suffocation and death.

a) Overdose
b) Allergy
c) Idiosyncrasy
d) Side effects
e) Placebo Effect
f) Poisonous Property
Ans. b
When too much of a drug is taken into
the physiological system of the human
body, there may be an over extension of
its effects.

a) Overdose
b) Allergy
c) Idiosyncrasy
d) Side effects
e) Placebo Effect
f) Poisonous Property
Ans. a
Some drugs are not receptors for one organ
but receptors of other organs as well as the
effect in the other organs may constitute a
side effect, which are most of the time
unwanted.

a) Overdose
b) Allergy
c) Idiosyncrasy
d) Side effects
e) Placebo Effect
f) Poisonous Property
Ans. d
It refers to the individual’s reaction to a drug,
food, etc. for unexplained reasons. Morphine
for example, which sedates all men,
stimulates and renders some women
maniacal behaviors.

a) Overdose
b) Allergy
c) Idiosyncrasy
d) Side effects
e) Placebo Effect
f) Poisonous Property
Ans. c
Some Medical Uses of Drugs
The following are some of the many
medical uses of drugs:

 Analgesics – drugs that relieve pain

 Antibiotics – are drugs that combat

or control infectious organisms.
 Antipyretics – those that can lower
body temperature or fever due to
infection.

 Antihistamines – those that control or

combat allergic reactions.

 Contraceptives – drugs that prevent

the meeting of the egg cell and
sperm cell or prevent the ovary from
releasing egg cells.
 Decongestants – those that relieve
congestion of nasal passages.

 Expectorants – those that can ease

the expulsion of mucus and phlegm
from the lungs and the throat.

 Laxatives – those stimulate

defecation and encourage bowel
movement.
 Sedatives and tranquilizers – are
those that can calm and quiet the
nerves and relieve anxiety without
causing depression and clouding of
the mind.

 Vitamins – those substances

necessary for normal growth and
development and functioning of the
body.
MARIJUANA
Historians credited that marijuana
(Cannabis Sativa) is the world’s oldest
cultivated plant started by the Incas in
Peru.
The first reference of introduction was in
the Northern Iran as an intoxicant and
from there it spread throughout India
by the Hindus used for religious rituals
in the belief that it is a source of
happiness and “laughter provoker”.
OPIUM
Knowledge on the OPIUM POPPY PLANT
(Papaver Somniferum) goes back
about 7000 years B.C. cultivated and
prepared by the Summerians. Even
the ancient Greek physician
Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine,
prescribe the juice of the white
poppy plant as early as 5,000 B.C. in
the belief that it can cure many
illnesses both in the internal and
external use.
OPIUM
The plant was first harvested in
Mesopotamia and its use spread
throughout the neighboring
Mediterranean areas, then to Asia.
From there, it was introduced to
Persia, India and China by the Arab
came caravans.
Opium use in China was stemmed out
from India and became widespread
in the 19th Century. From Middle East,
the plant was cultivated in India,
Pakistan and Afghanistan. Five
centuries later, Opium trade between
China and Portuguese merchants
became a lucrative business. The
British took over the trade from the
Portuguese and established the
 1806, German
pharmacist, Friedrich
W. Serturner
discovered Morphine,
the first derivative of
opium. He called this
new drug as
“Morphium” and later
changed to
Morphine after the
Greek god of dream,
Morpheus.
 This was the first
attempt to cure
opium addiction.
But morphine
addictive properties
came to prominence
during the American
Civil War vast numbers
of American soldiers
became addicted to
the drug – “soldiers’
disease”.
 1896 – 2nd attempt
of treating opium and
morphine addiction
started in Heroin
(Diacetylmorphine),
synthesized from the
drug morphine, was
discovered by a British
chemist in the name of
Alder Wright. “miracle
drug” - is believed that
it can cure both opium
and morphine addiction.
 It was named
after the word “hero”
due to its impressive
power. So physicians
began to use heroin
but it became a
substitute of one
addiction to another.
It turns out later
that heroin is the most
addictive of all drugs.
 Meanwhile, codeine, the third
derivative of opium was discovered in
France while in the process of
discovering other drugs that could
cure opium, morphine and heroin
addiction but it also ended in the
same tragic result. Today, it is widely
used as an ingredient in most cough
syrup.
 Is another term for drug trade.
 MULE is a lower-echelon criminal
recruited by a smuggling organization
to cross a border carrying drugs, or
sometimes an unknowing person in
whose bag or vehicle the drugs are
planted, for the purpose of retrieving
them elsewhere.
Refers to group of organized and
professional criminals with a formal
hierarchy of organization set in illicit drug
trade. It is also otherwise known as drug
cartel.

a) Organized group
b) Drug Trafficking
c) Organized Syndicate
d) Drug Syndicate
Ans. d
Drug Syndicate

It is perhaps one of the most important

reasons why international drug
trafficking is hard to control because
of their involvement in the illicit drug
trade.
One of the known world’s notorious drug
syndicate founded during the 1980’s by
Colombian drug lords Pablo Escobar Gaviria
and drug bosses Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez
Gacha and the top aid cocsine barons Juan
David and the Ochoa Brothers.

a) Columbian Medellin Cartel

b) Sinaloa Cartel
c) Cali Cartel
d) Norte del Valle Cartel
Ans. a
COLUMBIAN MEDELLIN CARTEL
Columbian Medellin Cartel

The cartel is reputedly responsible

for organizing world’s drug trafficking
network.
It is based in southern Colombia, around
the city of Cali was formed by the
Rodriguez brothers and Santacruz, all
coming from what is described as a
higher social background than most other
traffickers of the time.
a) Columbian Medellin Cartel
b) Sinaloa Cartel
c) Cali Cartel
d) Norte del Valle Cartel
Ans. c
Cali Cartel
The recognition of
this social
background was
displayed in the
group's nickname as
"Cali's Gentlemen."
It rose to prominence during the second
half of the 1990s, after the Cali Cartel and
the Medellin Cartel fragmented. It
operated principally in the north of the
Valle del Cauca region of Colombia.

a) Columbian Medellin Cartel

b) Sinaloa Cartel
c) Cali Cartel
d) Norte del Valle Cartel
Ans. d
Norte del Valle Cartel or North Valley
Cartel
It became known as one of the
most powerful organizations involved
in the illegal drugs trade.
The leading drug lords of the Norte
del Valle cartel included Diego Leon
Montoya Sanchez, alias “Don Diego”,
Wilber Varela, alias “Jabon” and
Hermano Gomez Bustamante, alias
“Rasguno”.
According to Pres. Duterte, it has an active
operation here in the Phil. Since Phil is the
transshipment due to their eradication in the
US. The cartel is also known as the Guzmán-
Loera Organization and the Pacific Cartel,
the latter due to the coast of Mexico from
which it originated.

a) Columbian Medellin Cartel

b) Sinaloa Cartel
c) Cali Cartel
d) Norte del Valle Cartel
Ans. b
GOLDEN TRIANGLE Southeast Asia – The “Golden
Triangle” approximately produced
Thailand 60% of opium in the world, 90%
of opium in the eastern part of
Asia.
-source of Southeast Asian
Laos Myanmar Heroin.
(Burma) - Heroin is produced in the Golden
Triangle and passes through nearby
countries in relatively small
quantities through air transport
while in transit to the United States
and the European Countries.
 GOLDEN CRESCENT
Southwest Asia – The
“Golden Crescent” is the
Afghanistan
major supplier of opium
Pakistan poppy, marijuana and
Iran heroin products in the
India western part of Asia. It
produced at least 85% to
90% of all illicit heroin
channeled in the drug
underworld market.
Classification of drug according to origin
and are active ingredients, secondary
metabolic products of plants and
other living systems that may be isolated
by extraction.

a) Volatile Substances
b) Natural
c) Chemical
d) Synthetic
Ans. b
Classification of drug according to origin
and are artificially produced substances,
synthesized in the laboratory for the illicit
market, which are almost wholly,
manufactured from chemical
compounds in illicit laboratories.

a) Volatile Substances
b) Natural
c) Chemical
d) Synthetic
Ans. d
According to Legal Classification:

R.A. 6425 (Dangerous Drug Act of 1972)

Otherwise known as the Dangerous Drugs Act
of 1972, Dangerous drugs are classified into
three (3) main categories, namely:

 Prohibited Drugs
 Regulated Drugs
 Volatile Substances
R.A. 9165 (Comprehensive Dangerous
Drug Act of 2002)

R.A. 9165 gives a single definition to

dangerous drugs, removing the distinction
between prohibited and regulated drugs.
The old law defines the term “dangerous
drugs” as pertaining to either “prohibited
drug” or a “regulated drug”.
Liquid, solid or mixed substances having the
property of releasing toxic, vapors or fumes
or any chemical substance which when
sniffed, smelled, inhaled, or introduced into
the physiological system of the body
produce/induce a condition of intoxication,
inebriation, excitement, stupefaction, etc.

a) Volatile Substances
b) Natural
c) Chemical
d) Synthetic
Ans. a
P.D. 1619 (Volatile Substances)

Liquid, solid or mixed substances

having the property of releasing toxic,
vapors or fumes or any chemical substance
which when sniffed, smelled, inhaled, or
introduced into the physiological system of
the body produce/induce a condition of
intoxication, inebriation, excitement,
stupefaction, etc.
According to International Classification:

A. Narcotics substance
 Any drug that produces sleep or stupor and also
receives pain (medical);
 Depress the central nervous system to produce a
marked reduction in sensitivity to pain, create
drowsiness and reduce physical activity.
 A drug which therapeutic doses diminish
awareness of sensory impulses, especially pain,
by the brain, in large doses, it causes stupor,
coma or convulsions.
B. Psychotropic substances
 Any substance, natural or synthetic or any
natural material that have a high potential for
dependence and abuse.
 These drugs are highly addictive but, despite
the risk, they remain in medical use because
no satisfactory non-addictive alternative
medication is available.
 Examples: Heroin, Marijuana, Cocaine,
Amphetamines, Morphine and some
barbiturates.
C. Designer Drugs

 Substance chemically related to but slightly

different from controlled substances.
 Designed by clandestine chemists with the aim
to manufacture compounds that produce “the
high” or euphoria of parent drugs and avoid the
penalties that would be levied against those
illegally trafficking the controlled substance.
According to pharmacological
classification (effects):

A. Stimulant
B. Hallucinogens
C.Depressants
D.Inhalants
Are drugs which increase alertness of
physical disposition (also known as
“uppers”)

a) Hallucinogens
b) Stimulants
c) Depressants
d) Inhalants

Ans. b
Stimulants
 Any of a group of drugs that excite the central nervous
system, in which increase alertness, alleviate fatigue,
reduce hunger and provide a feeling of well being.
 Cocaine and Amphetamines are the most common
stimulants.
1. Amphetamines
A stimulant that increases energy and
decreases appetite; used to treat narcolepsy
and some forms of depression.

2. Cocaine
Taken from coca bush plant (Erythroxylon
Coca) grows in South America
Usually in the form of powder (orally, injected
or sniffed) to achieve euphoria or an intense
feeling of “highness”.
3. Caffeine
Present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola
drinks and some wake up pills

4. Shabu / “”poor man’s cocaine”

 Chemically known as methamphetamine hydrochloride. It is
a central nervous system stimulant and sometimes called
“upper” or “speed”.
 Can be taken orally, inhaled(snorted), sniffed or injected
5. Nicotine
 An active component in
tobacco, which acts as a
powerful stimulant of the
central nervous system. A
drop of pure nicotine can
easily kill a person.
 Used in medicine as
insecticide
Also called as “downers” or “barbs”. These
are drugs which suppress vital body
functions especially those of the brain or
central nervous system with the resulting
impairment of judgment, hearing, speech
and muscular coordination.

a) Hallucinogens
b) Stimulants
c) Depressants
d) Inhalants

Ans. c
Depressants
Any drug or chemical that decreases the activity
of any bodily function. The term most often is
used to refer to drugs that reduce the activity of the
central nervous system
 (This group includes Sedatives, Hypnotics, and
Tranquilizers)
Is NARCOTICS also called OPIATES, which is
medically used to relieve pain?

a) True
b) False
c) Yes
d) No

Ans. c
1. Narcotics
 The term narcotic, derived from the Greek
word for stupor, originally referred to a variety
of substances that induced sleep.
 Produces numbness, often taken for pleasure
or to reduce pain.
 When abused it causes insensibility, stupor,
and dullness of mind with delusions.
 (Ex: Cough syrups, (Opium, Morphine,
Heroine, codeine are the most popular of
narcotics) )
Drugs under NARCOTICS

Opium
 Derived from poppy plant (Papaver
Somniferum) popularly known as “gum”,
“gamot”, “kalamay” or “panocha”.
 A plant originated in Mesopotamia
 Active ingredient (“meconic” acid) analgesic
property
Morphine
 Commonly used and best used opiate.
 Effective as painkiller six times potent than
opium

Heroin
 Three time more powerful than morphine
which it is derived and the most addicting
opium derivative.
 It may be sniffed on swallowed but is usually
injected in the veins.
Codeine
Used as an antitussive (to relieve coughing)
and an analgesic (to relieve pain)
2. Sedative & Hypnotics
Are drugs which may
calm the nerves, reduce
tension and induce sleep

3. Tranquilizer
Substance that reduces
anxiety, ease tension
4. Paregoric
A tincture of opium in combination with camphor.
Usually used as a household remedy for diarrhea and
abdominal pain

5. Demerol and Methadone

Commonly synthetic drugs with morphine-like effects.
Demerol used as painkiller in childbirth
Methadone used in withdrawal treatment of heroin
dependents since it relieves the physical craving for
heroin.
6. Rohypnol
Known as Date Rape Drug
Rohypnol is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. This
drug dissolves with ease, especially in carbonated
drinks.
Rohypnol alone can produce incapacitating
sedative effects that last between 8 to 12 hours.
Mixing alcohol or other depressants with Rohypnol
intensifies the drug’s sedative effect, and it can be
lethal.
Often used in the commission of sexual assault;
legally available in Europe, Mexico and Colombia
Are drugs First developed as appetite
suppressant. It is also called
psychedelics.

a)Hallucinogens
b)Stimulants
c) Depressants
d)Inhalants

Ans. a
Hallucinogen
 Any one of a large number of natural or synthetic
psychoactive drugs that produce marked
distortions of the senses and changes in
perception. Drugs capable of provoking changes
in sensation, thinking, self-awareness and
emotion. Alteration of time and space perception
,delusions (false beliefs) and hallucination.
 (Ex: MJ / LSD / Ecstasy / Psilocybin
1. Marijuana
Cannabis Sativa L.(Indian Hemp)It is most
abused hallucinogen in the Philippines
because it can grow extensively in the country.
The effects of marijuana include a feeling of
“grandeur”
Feeling of dreamy sensation
2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
 Most powerful psychedelics obtained from ergot.
 Causes perceptual changes so that the user sees color,
shapes or objects more intensely than normal and may
have hallucinations of things that are not real.

3. Peyote
 Derived from the surface part of a small gray brown
cactus
 Emits nauseating odor and suffer from nausea.
 This drug causes no physical dependence, no
withdrawal symptoms, although in some cases
psychological dependence has been noted.
4. Ecstacy
 Can be swallowing or inhalation
 Exaggerated emotions, makes HR and BP hike
up, dries the mouth, stiffens arms, legs, jaw;
dilates pupils of the eyes, causes faintness,
chills sweating and nausea
 It can really kill!
5. Mescaline
 An alkaloid hallucinogen extracted from the peyote
cactus and can also be synthesize in the laboratory.
 These are accompanied by imperfect coordination and
perception with a sensation of impeded motion, and a
marked sense that time is still standing.
 Does not cause physical dependence

6. Serenity, Tranquility and Peace (STP)

 Chemical derivative of mescaline claimed to produce
more violent and longer effects than mescaline dose.
 Less potent than LSD although its effects are similar to
those of psychedelics.
7. Psilocybin
 Hallucinogenic alkaloid obtained from a mushroom.
 Induced nausea, muscular relaxation, mood changes
with visions of bright colors and shapes and other
hallucinations.

8. Morning Glory Seeds

 The black and brown seeds of the wild tropical morning
glory are used to produce hallucinations.
 These are sold under the names of “heavenly blues,
flying dancers and pearly gates.
 Prolonged psychosis is also one of its effects.
Inhalants
 Volatile chemical substances that contain
psycho-active (mind/mood altering) vapors to
produce a state of intoxication.
 Ex: Glue and Adhesive Cement / Rugby /
Super Glue / Thinner
 Popular Plants as Sources of Dangerous
Drugs

Marijuana Plant
Marijuana is a Spanish – Mexican term used to refer
as Indian hemp
Grows in tropical region
Approximate height 15 to 20 feet
Characterized as fingerlike leaves
Scientifically named as “Cannabis Sativa
Lima”
The active ingredient or alkaloid of the
marijuana :

a) Cannabin or Tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
b) hashish
c) staminate
d) pistillate

Ans. a
 Female plant, shorter but long
lived – “Pistillate”
 Male plant, taller but short lived –
“Staminate”
 The resin called “hashish” can
be found on the most top portion
of the female plant
Opium Poppy Plant
 Scientifically known as “Papaver
Somniferum”
 Papaver – Greek term which means poppy,
 Somniferum – latin term which mean
dream/ induced sleep
 Can grow from 3-6 ft. in height, originally in
Mesopotamia
 The Summerians called it “Hul Gil”(plant of
joy) due to its joyful effect when
administered
 Its active ingredient is the – Meconic Acid
 Morphine, heroin and codeine are
derivatives of this plant.
Coca Bush Plant

 Scientificallyknown as Erythroxylon Coca

common in South America
 Grows in mountainous and tropical climate
areas, on clay like soil
 Cocaine, dangerous drug can be produced
from this plant – the most powerful natural
stimulant known as cocaine hydrochloride
is a psychoactive plant that contains
psychotropic properties one of which is
the alkaloid Ephedrine and
Pseudoephedrine, an active ingredient
of anti-asthma drugs used in over the
counter medications.

a) Opium
b) Coca Bush Plant
c) Marijuana
d) Epedra plant (Ephedra Vulgaris)
Ans. d
What is a product derived from the
Epedra plant through chemical
processes?

a) LSD
b) Shabu “Methamphetamine
Hydrochloride”
c) Cocaine
d) Codeine
Ans. b
Epedra Plant
 Known to the Chinese as “Ma-Huang”
 Itis also an essential chemical precursor in
the production of Methamphetamine or
Amphetamine drugs.
CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG USER/ABUSER
SITUATIONAL USER >>>> those who use drugs to
keep them awake or for additional energy to perform an
important work. Such individual may or may not exhibit
psychological dependence.
SPREE USER >>>> school age user who take drugs
for "kicks", adventure, daring experience or a means of
fun.
HARDCORE ADDICTS >>>> those whose activities
revolves almost entirely around drug use and securing
supplies. They show strong psychological dependence
on the drug.
HIPPIES >>>> Those who are addicted to drugs
believing that drug is an integral part of life.
THE GANG OF THREE (3)

 S- Smoking
 A- Alcoholism
 D- Drugs
 TOBACCO/CIGARETTE
(smoking vice)

Nicotine
Is a poisonous alkaloid, the active
ingredient in cigarettes and other
products derived from tobacco. It
is used as insecticide and
regarded also as a stimulant. It is
an oily substance and colorless
when extracted from tobacco
leaves but quickly turns brown
when exposed to air. It has an
acrid, burning taste.
TOBACCO CHEMICALS
THE EFFECTS OF THE TOBACCO USE
ALCOHOL
Alcohol is one of the oldest
intoxicants known to man.
Ever since there has been
continuous effort,
everywhere to control its
consumption because of
its devastating effects on
human life.
Nature and Property of Alcohol

Alcohol is a colorless, transparent volatile

liquid with aromatic odor. The word alcohol is
refers to ethyl alcohol used as part of a
beverage. It is formed out of the fermentations
of carbohydrates in grains and fruits.
TYPES OF DRINKERS
Occasional Drinker – drinks on special
occasions or uses alcohol as a home remedy,
takes only a few drinks per year.

Frequent Drinker – drinks at parties and

social affairs. Intake of alcohol may be once a
week or occasionally reaches three or four
times per week, uses beverages to release
inhibitions and tensions.
 Regular Drinker – may drink daily or consistently
on weekends, usually comes from cultural
background where wine or beer is used with meals
to enhance the flavor of the food.

 Alcohol Dependent – drinks to have good time,

excessive drinking occurs occasionally but drinker
may not become alcoholic.

 Alcoholic – has lost control of his use of alcohol.

Alcohol assumes primary goals in his life, even to the
exclusion of physical health and interests of family
and society in general.
 KINDS OF ALCOHOL NOT FITTED FOR HUMAN
CONSUMPTION:
 Butyl Alcohol also called Butanol
This type of alcohol is derived from Butane, and is
commonly used in products such as adhesives and
varnishes.

 Methyl Alcohol known as Methanol or wood alcohol

is used in manufacture of formaldehyde and as an
industrial solvent. Methyl alcohol has been mixed with
Ethyl alcohol to make liquor. The resulting mixture has
resulted to blindness, after drinking, since methyl alcohol
causes swelling of the optic nerve. The blindness is an
irreversible condition.
 PHYSICAL SIGNS OF ABUSE OF ALCOHOL
 Delirium Tremens
A state in which the alcohol experiences visual
hallucinations of snakes, turkey, gobblers or other
animal forms which terrifies him. This is a symptom
Alcoholic poisoning that sets in when alcohol used is
withdrawn.

 Alcoholic hallucinosis
A state in which the person experiences auditory
hallucinations that is, hearing voices while under the
influence of alcohol.
 Korsakoff’s Syndrome
A disease caused by chronic
alcoholism which is characterized by
psychosis, polyneuritis ( inflammation of
the nerves accompanied by impaired
reflexes), delirium, insomnia, illusions and
hallucinations
Aim to TOP the Board
Exam not just only to
PASS the exam !..
Thank You for
Listening
and
Good luck to
Everyone