BARTOLO, MARIANA ALLYZA P.

BULAUN, IVAN KAINE D.

PANGILINAN, JIMWELL
o It is rich in natural resources and has abundant mineral
reserves. Gold, copper, silver, and zinc are among the
metallic ores that can be found in the region. Non-
metallic reserves include sand, gravel, and sulfur.
o It is also the home for the numerous tribes collectively
called the Igorot.
o The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) is
composed by the provinces such as Abra, Apayao,
Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Mountain Province, as
well as Baguio City, as the regional center.
o It is landlocked province on the Western side of the massive
Cordillera in Northern Luzon.
o It is bounded by Ilocos Norte and Apayao in the north,
Mountain Province in the South, Ilocos Sur on the Southwest
and Kalinga on the East.
o The people living in Abra are called Tingguians.
o It was derived from the term Tingue, meaning mountaineers.
o Itneg "The People of the Mountains".
o The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) is composed by
the provinces such as Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga,
and Mountain Province, as well as Baguio City, as the regional
center.
LANGUAGE
o Their language spoken are Ilocano, Tinguian, Isneg, Tagalog,
and English.

CULTURE
o Clothing or Style
They wear their hair in a tuft on the crown of the head. Itneg
women wear necklaces, antique jewelry and are tattooed. Their
attires are multi-colored, notably the Batik kind.
o Music
It is provided by musical instruments such as gansas,
cymbals, kalalent and kulintang
o Death and Marriage
• Buried in an upright posture, mostly sitting.
• In marriage, the dowry is an inevitable feature, and weddings are lengthy and
prolonged celebrations. Cows, carabaos, goats, dogs, deer, wild boar, and
chickens are slaughtered for feasting of the entire populace.
• Basi is also given for special occasions.
o Religion
• Revolves around beliefs pertaining to creations and superstitions centering
on anito
• Itnegs regard Bagatulayan as their supreme god
• He is followed by Kadaklan, who enforces decreees of Bagatulalyan to the
letter.
• The third-ranked Tingguian deity is Kabonian, who is the benevolent one.
ARTS
o The Bamboo Split Weavers
• In Abra, there is the bamboo crafts production. It is AR
for this reason that Abra is aggressively positioning
itself as the “Bamboo Capital of the Philippines”.
o The Natural Dye Makers
• Norma Agaid, a Tingguian elder and the sister of the
‘Father of Philippine Natural Dyes’ Luis Agaid,
explained which plants yield what kinds of colours:
mahogany for red, jackfruit and ginger for yellow,
the malatayum plant for indigo, the narra tree for
brown, among others.
ARCHITECTURE
• Their houses are built on woven bamboo.
o Benguet is popularly known as the "Salad Bowl" of the
Philippines
o People who live in Benguet are mostly Ibalois and
Kankanaeys.

o Benguet is the home of the centuries-old mummies, a place

of Rocky Mountains and pine trees, the water source of
Asia’s second largest dam, the strawberry capital of the
Philippines, the terrain where the historic Mt. Pulag is found,
the vegetable panorama of the North, a land of fascinating
caves and mystical caves and mystical lakes, and a place
where vegetables flourish and where cacti-flowers bloom.
• This ethnic group inhabiting the province of Benguet is concentrated in the municipalities of Kabayan,
Bukod, Tuba, Itogon, Tublay, Sablan, Atok and La Trinidad. They have a rich culture that existed long
before the Spaniards or any other foreigners stepped foot on the Philippines.

LANGUAGE
Benguet residents generally speak their own languages in addition
to Ilocano, Tagalog, and English, which are used for trade and commerce.
RELIGION
Mostly are Catholics but they are like Animist.
CULTURE
o SHELTER
• Most people lived near the creeks where water
was abundant. A family may have two houses:
the apa and agamang.
o CLOTHING
• They wear the tinuto (bark-cloth) in the old times.
The men use g string and the women wear their
dresses. For the kids they wear the fur from the
wild cat which is called “Mosang”.
LITERATURE
• The Legend of Apo Anno
SCULPTURE
• Tam-Awan Village Sculptures
DANCE
• Ex. Bendian Dance
Musical Instruments
• Awideng
• Galbang
• Solibao
• Tallac
TRADITIONS

• Burial and Death

• Mummification
• Three types of Burial: To a young, poor and rich
• Marriage
• Kaising

BENGUET IS FAMOUS FOR ITS MUMMY CAVES.

• is a landlocked province of
the Philippines in the Cordillera
Administrative Region in Luzon.
• it borders Benguet to the west, Mountain
Province to the north, Isabela to the east,
and Nueva Vizcaya to the south.
• The Ifugaos are the people inhabiting Ifu
gao Province.
• "Ifugao" was derived from "ipugo"
meaning "earth people", "mortals" or
"humans", as distinguished from spirits
and deities.
LANGUAGES SPOKEN
Ifugao, Tuwali, Kalanguya, Ilocano, Tagalog, English

CULTURE
CLOTHING: Ifugao women have traditionally worn short, tight-
fitting, hand-woven skirts with colorful horizontal stripes, with a
white short-sleeve blouse and a loose striped jackets.
Sometimes tied a colored band around their head. Some men
still wear loincloths.
Both men and women go barefoot.
MUSIC : They have various types of musical instruments and
songs for different occasions. The percussion instruments, the
gongs commonly called the gangsa or gangha are the most
popular. The individual gongs are called tobob, hibat, or ahhot,
the bangibang or pattong and the langitang.
They also have the bikkung - mouth instrument, ayyuding
and babbong - string instruments
SONGS: Chanting or singing is done individually
Alim – ritual song
Liwliwa – express personal emotions
Salidumay – express ideas
DANCE
Uyaoy Dance is an Ifugao wedding festival dance accompanied by
gongs and is performed by the affluent to attain the second level of the
wealthy class.
DEATH AND BURIAL
The corpse is placed in a death chair. The body lies in this state by a
fire and is “awakened” each night by a corpse tender.
Burial is placed in a mausoleum under the house.
Sometimes a second burial takes place, especially if illnesses and
misfortunes are blamed on the deceased being restless and unhappy.
They bury males and females separately and intern children in jars.
RITUALS
The Hudhud consists of narrative chants
traditionally performed by the Ifugao
community. It is practiced during the rice
sowing season, at harvest time and at funeral
wakes and rituals.

LITERATURE
Hudhud ni Aliguyon
This particular long tale is sung during
harvest. A favorite topic of the hudhud is a folk
hero named Aliguyon, a brave warrior.
ARCHITECTURE
Their houses were harmoniously located with the
contour of the rice terraces and are “nail-less”. The
one-room house of the Ifugao commonly know to them
as fale.
You can call it Bale or the “No-Nail” house. It is the “first
pre-fabricated house in the world.”
SCULPTURE
Bulul, also known as bul-ul or tinagtaggu, is a carved
wooden figure used to guard the rice crop by
the Ifugao (and their sub-tribe Kalanguya) peoples of
northern Luzon. The sculptures are highly stylized
representations of ancestors and are thought to gain
power from the presence of the ancestral spirit.
Mountain Province is known as the "Weaver's Paradise"
due to the presence of various weaving centers sporting
different designs that bespeak of the province's cultural
heritage.
The town is also known for its limestone caves that served
as burial grounds during the pre-Christian Sagada era.
LANGUAGES:
Kankanaey, Bontoc, and Ilocano including English
and Tagalog.

CULTURE
Sculpture- Bul-ul
Dance
Bontoc Boogie- A pair of male and female dancers moves with the
fast pacing and raising of feet in opposite directions. At some time,
the dancing pair meets with hands holding each other and perform
other steps either going forward or sideward. The music players are in
kneeling positions.

Inananinit- giving praise to the anito and fairies

MUSIC
Chagchaku” is a Finallig word for a song or
chant to the dead.

LITERATURE
Lumawig- the great spirit
RELIGION
Although they believe in the anito or spirits of
their ancestors and in spirits dwelling in nature,
they are essentially monotheistic.
ARCHITECHTURE
FAYU • Bontoc house • The basic form is like that of the Ifugao house except
that the house cage serves as a granary
The traditional Bontoc house was made of wood or cogon grass. It was
pyramid- shaped or A- shaped.

RITUALS
Ipedisan- elder reading the symbol in gall bladder and the liver.
Sumang- Amale rooster brings bad omen so they kill only the hens
Atang- Symbolic plate or basket of food for the spirits of our ancestors
Bayya-o- eulogy in a form of singing
Denet- a prayer for great harvest
Mummification
CULTURAL DESTINATIONS AND TOURIST SPOTS
o It is rich in natural resources and has abundant mineral
reserves. Gold, copper, silver, and zinc are among the
metallic ores that can be found in the region. Non-
metallic reserves include sand, gravel, and sulfur.
o It is also the home for the numerous tribes collectively
called the Igorot.
o The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) is
composed by the provinces such as Abra, Apayao,
Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Mountain Province, as
well as Baguio City, as the regional center.
o It is landlocked province on the Western side of the
massive Cordillera in Northern Luzon.
o It is bounded by Ilocos Norte and Apayao in the north,
Mountain Province in the South, Ilocos Sur on the Southwest
and Kalinga on the East.
o The people living in Abra are called Tingguians.
o It was derived from the term Tingue, meaning mountaineers.
o Itneg "The People of the Mountains".
o The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) is composed by
the provinces such as Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao,
Kalinga, and Mountain Province, as well as Baguio City, as
the regional center.
o Language
o Their language spoken are Ilocano, Tinguian, Isneg,
Tagalog, and English.
o Culture
o Clothing or Style
They wear their hair in a tuft on the crown of the head.
Itneg women wear necklaces, antique jewelry and are
tattooed. Their attires are multi-colored, notably the Batik
kind.
o Music
It is provided by musical instruments such as gansas,
cymbals, kalalent and kulintang