Public Charging Station (PCS)

Inside and Outside

There are two main types of plug‐in electric vehicles:

All-electric (or battery electric) vehicles (BEVs) only use electric power from the grid; they do not have an internal combustion
engine and do not use any type of liquid fuel. BEVs use large battery packs to give the vehicle a long electric range, with some
traveling up to 335 miles on a single charge.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are powered by a combination of grid electricity and liquid fuel. A PHEV runs on battery
power until the battery charge is exhausted, and then switches over to its internal combustion engine. If a trip is within the
vehicle’s electric range, a PHEV will run entirely on its battery pack
Type of Electric Vehicle Chargers
Slow and Fast
Govt Of India Policies to Boost Infrastructure
 Technical Specifications for Cars and Buses :-
Government of India recently released a notification titled ‘Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles – Guidelines and Standards -reg.’. Availability of adequate charging infrastructure is
acknowledged as a key requirement for accelerated electric vehicle adoption in the country. In accordance, setting up of Public Charging Stations (PCS) has been de-licensed and any
individual/entity is free to set up public charging stations, provided the stations meet the technical as well as performance standards laid down.
Any individual/entity setting up a PCS will need to have the following minimum infrastructure as described in the notification:
Minimum Requirements

Each charging station is required to have a minimum of three fast chargers: a CCS, a CHAdeMo and a Type-2 AC. While the former two will be required to operate on
50kW/ 200-1000V, the Type-2 would be 22kW/ 380-480V. Additionally, the charging station will also have two slow charge points - a Bharat DC-001 (15 kW/ 72-200V)
and a Bharat AC-001 (10 kW/ 230V).

​A typical 50 kWh DCFC costs over Rs 1.5 million. Since present models of EVs sold in India cannot be charged above 1C rate and batteries are 11kWh to 25kWh capacity,
investment in DCFC of over 25 kWh would yield unappealing returns, unless manufacturers roll out electric cars with batteries capable of fast charging with DC output in
the range of 400-500V or higher. This will eventually increase the capacity utilization at PCS and enhance revenues for charging infrastructure providers, making
investment in a public charging stations an attractive option.

Charging Standards Application:

The IS:17017-1 published by BIS in August 2018 recommends both CCS-2 and CHAdeMO. In 2017, a Committee constituted by Department of Heavy Industries (DHI)
issued Bharat charger specifications for AC and DC chargers: Bharat EV Charger AC001 & DC001. These are slow chargers with DC output below 120 Volts. BIS has agreed
to retain these standards which are supporting the EVs presently operating in India. These are expected to wither away as new EVs are rolled out with batteries capable
of fast charging with DC output in the range of 400-500V or higher.

​All standards will co-exist in India: CCS-2, CHAdeMO and the Bharat chargers. Tesla cars, according to recent reports will use CCS standard when launched in India.

The status can be summarized as:

Two wheelers come with small size batteries which in many cases can be pulled out and taken to homes/offices/shops and charged from normal wall sockets; or can be
connected to any PCS.
Three wheelers are ideal candidates for battery swapping. In this scenario, batteries may be charged in a large industrial scale facility and charged batteries are trucked
to points of 3-wheeler concentration where a 3-wheeler driver can swap the used battery with a fully charged one. Alternatively technology proprietors may install swap
stations at a PCS. 3-wheelers could also be charged at any PCS.
Buses with battery sizes >100kWh would be sold with proprietary charging standards recommended by the battery manufacturer. These batteries will cost several million
rupees and it is not advisable to charge from any PCS. Bus operators will install the charging devices supplied (or recommended) by the bus manufacturer at bus depots
and bus depots as required.
Present models of electric cars come with various sizes of batteries - 11kWh (Mahindra e20) to 40kWh (Nissan Leaf) to >90kWh (Tesla Model S). These EVs require DCFCs
for fast charging. The whole issue of inter-operability of EVSE for different EV models is essentially limited to cars.
​In India so far only Mahindra Electric and Tata Motors have launched electric cars. The present batteries in these cars are not suitable for charging above 1C rate. The off
take of electric cars may be slow as individual buyers might watch the space and move with caution as in other geographies. The initial push for electric cars is expected
from taxi fleet operators, Government departments, public sector undertakings and large corporates.
 BATTERIES (LIFE LINE OF E-VEHICLES)

Battery Swapping In FY 2018-2019, total EV sales in India crossed the 7,50,000-units mark and reached a total of 7,59,600
units and more than 99% of it was from two-wheelers and three-wheelers, and less than 1% from the four-wheelers.57
Considering India is a small vehicle dominated market, battery swapping in these segments presents a leapfrogging
opportunity for India’s EV dreams. The key here is to make the transition easier for the users by finding a replacement for the
existing petrol pump. Thus, it is important to ensure that battery swapping is actively treated as a promising solution to
accelerate the adoption of EVs in India, especially for the smaller vehicle segment. Sensing the enormous opportunity that the
Indian market offers, new entrants, both domestic and foreign, are working on creating an ecosystem of swappable batteries
aimed at drastically cutting the time required for charging EVs, thus enabling faster adoption of electric mobility in the country.
Leading the charge are companies like Sun Mobility,58 Gurgaon-based Exicom Power Solutions and 22 Kymco, an alliance
between startup Twenty Two Motors Pvt. Ltd and Taiwan’s Kymco Global. They are working with their respective networks.
Additionally, Panasonic India Pvt. Ltd, which has committed to set up 100,000 EV charging stations to power an estimated fleet
of 500,000 electric two- and three-wheelers in five years59, is conducting pilot programs on battery swaps in the National
Capital Region.60