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STANDARDS
• IEC 62271-100
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Alternating-current circuit-breakers
Definition
“A mechanical switching device capable of making,
carrying, and breaking currents under normal circuit
conditions and also making, carrying, and breaking
for a specified time, and breaking currents under
specified abnormal conditions such as a short
circuit.”
Puffer (piston) method showing the 4 stages of the opening process, a) closed position,
b) beginning of the opening movement, c) arcing contacts separate, d) open position, 1
fixed continuous current contact, 2 fixed arcing contact, 3 movable arcing contact, 4
movable continuous current contact, 5 compression cylinder, 6 compression piston, 7
actuating rod, 8 quenching nozzle
Puffer Principle
Closed Opening Open
Vacuum Circuit
Breaker
Technical Specification
1. Type designation for breaker
2. Class
3. Rated Voltage
4. Rated Frequency
5. Whether single pole or 3-pole operation
6. Rated Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage
a) To earth
b) Across open circuit breaker
7. Rated Switching Impulse Withstand Voltage
a) To earth
b) Across open circuit breaker
8. Rated Power Frequency Withstand Voltage
a) To earth
b) Across open circuit breaker
Rated insulation levels for
rated voltages of range I
(1kV < Um ≤ 245 kV)
X1 X2
U1 U2
I OOP 0.25I sc
First Pole to Clear Factor (kpp)
• The first-pole-to clear factor is the ratio of the power
frequency voltage across the first interrupting pole, before
current interruption in the other poles, to the power frequency
voltage occurring across the pole after interruption in all three
poles.
First Pole to Clear Factor (kpp)