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Steps are:
Formulate a null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis.
Choose a level of significance α for the test
Calculate the value of test statistic from random sample of
data.
p-Value Approach
• Use the value of the test statistic to compute the
p-value.
• Reject H0 if p-value < a
.
Procedure of Hypothesis Testing
H 0 : 0 H 0 : 0 H 0 : 0
H a : 0 H a : 0 H a : 0
Sampling
distribution
of z x /- n
0
Reject H0
a 1
Do Not Reject H0
z
-za = -1.28 0
Upper-Tailed Test About a Population Mean:
Sampling
distribution
of z x - 0
/ n Reject H0
a
Do Not Reject H0
z
0 za = 1.645
Two-Tailed Tests About a Population Mean
Sampling
distribution
x - 0
of z
/ n
z
-2.17 0 2.17
One-Tailed Tests About a Population Mean:
Known
Example: Metro EMS
The response times for a random sample of 40
medical emergencies were tabulated. The sample
mean is 13.25 minutes. The population standard
deviation is believed to be 3.2 minutes.
The EMS director wants to perform a hypothesis
test, with a .05 level of significance, to determine
whether the service goal of 12 minutes or less is
being achieved.
One-Tailed Tests About a Population Mean:
Known
p -Value and Critical Value Approaches
p-value
z
0 za = z=
1.645 2.47
One-Tailed Tests About a Population Mean:
Known
Critical Value Approach
1/2 1/2
p -value p -value
= .0031 = .0031
a/2 = a/2 =
.015 .015
z
z = -2.74 0 z = 2.74
-za/2 = -2.17 za/2 = 2.17
Two-Tailed Tests About a Population Mean:
Known
Critical Value Approach
Sampling
distribution
x - 0
of z
/ n
z
-2.17 0 2.17
Question 1:
A principal at a certain school claims that the students in his
school are above average intelligence. A random sample of
thirty students IQ scores have a mean score of 112. Is there
sufficient evidence to support the principal’s claim? The
mean population IQ is 100 with a standard deviation of 15.
Question 2:
Blood glucose levels for obese patients have a mean of 100
with a standard deviation of 15. A researcher thinks that a
diet high in raw cornstarch will have a positive or negative
effect on blood glucose levels. A sample of 30 patients
who have tried the raw cornstarch diet have a mean
glucose level of 140. Test the hypothesis that the raw
cornstarch had an effect.