Perancangan Rekayasa Energi Bahan Alam

Part 1:
Dasar Reaksi Kimia dan Pembakaran

Prof. Dr. Techn. Suyitno, S.T., M.T.

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Atom

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Bilangan Oksidasi

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Bilangan oksidasi

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 Aturan Dasar Simulasi
1. Massa conserv (jumlah massa
reaktan = jumlah massa
produk)  TETAPI
JUMLAH MOL ATAU
JUMLAH VOLUME tidak
harus sama
2. Energi conserv
3. Jumlah atom harus setimbang
4. Terampil mengubah dari mol
ke massa

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Molar & ppm

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 Pembakaran
Combustion, or burning,[1] is:
 a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually
atmospheric oxygen,
 that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.

2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)

2 mol H2 + 1 mol O2  2 mol H2O

Pada konsisi STP  2 L H2 + 1 L O2  2 L H2O

Bagaimana dengan massa

2 mol x 2 gram/mol H2 = 4 g
1 mol x 2 x 16 gram/mol O2 = 32 g
---------------------------------------------
Total massa reaktan = 36 g
2 mol x (2+16) g/mol H2O = 36 g
-------------------------------------
Total massa produk = 36 g
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What basic elements are needed for fire to occur?

THE FIRE TRIANGLE

OXYGEN HEAT
FIRE
combustion

FUEL
 COMBUSTION PROCESS…
A chemical reaction…
FUEL: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
(storage of chemical energy)
Solar Energy + CO2 + H2O

(C6H10O5)n + O + Ignition CO2 + H2O + HEAT

Temperature (+ gases + char + ash)

COMBUSTION
(conversion of stored energy to thermal,
Decay radiant, kinetic energy)
Bagaimana Menentukan Rumus Kimia Biomassa
Contoh

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Lalu Bagaimana Uji Proximate & Ultimate dan apa
fungsinya hasil uji proximate

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 Part 2:

Drying and Moisture Content

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Express the moisture content on the wet-weight basis and the dry-weight
basis for a product that weighs 150.0 pounds when wet, and after drying weighs 80.0 pounds.

Jawab:

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Solution:
Wet-weight basis:

On the wet-weight basis, the product is 46.7% moisture

Dry-weight basis:

On the dry-weight basis, the product is 87.5% moisture

 DRYING CURVE
A typical drying curve of
agricultural products showing
constantrate and falling rate
periods. (Adapted from
Carrin and Crapiste 2008).
TYPE OF WATER ASSOCIATED WITH COAL
Heat of sorption of water on lignite
as a function of moisture content
PERHATIKAN !!!

 Untuk partikel dengan Bi > 0.1 maka

temperature padatan tidak seragam.
DEVOLATILIZATION
 Devolatilization of coal is a process in which coal is
transformed at an elevated temperature to produce gases,
tar and char.

 In vacuum drying [17], devolatilization took place at 200°C

and was significantly increased with further increases in
the drying temperature.

 Char is the solid material that remains after light gases

(e.g. coal gas) and tar have been driven out or released from
a carbonaceous material during the initial stage
of combustion, which is known as carbonization, charring,
devolatilization or pyrolysis.