SOA UNIVERSITY,

BBSR,ODISHA,INDIA
UNDER GUIDANCE OF:
Prof (Dr) G C Dash
Dr S N Sahoo Ajaya Prasad Baitharu
DEPARTMENT OF MATHMATICS
CET,Bhubaneswar
Non Darcy Free convection flow of Non-Newtonian
fluid on a vertical surface with varying surface
temperature and heat source

A P Baitharu, S N Sahoo, G C Dash

SOA UNIVERSITY,BHUBANESWAR,ODISHA
Presentation Overview
 Introduction
 Objective
 Problem Description
 Governing Equations
 Method Of Solution
 Results and Discussion
 Conclusion
 Reference
 Introduction
Problems on fluid flow and heat transfer through porous media are not only the interests of
mathematicians but also the chemical Engineers, the petroleum engineers who are concerned
with the miscible displacement process and the civil engineers who deal with the salt water
encroachment of coastal aquifers. Also porous media are very widely used to maintain the
temperature of the heated body or insulating the surface more effectively. In some practical
situations free and forced convection arise simultaneously. Kumari and Jayanthi[1] have studied
a non-Darcy mixed convection flow along a vertical plate in a non-Newtonian fluid-saturated
porous medium. They have used a single mixed convection parameter that covers the entire
regime of mixed convection from pure forced to pure free convection limits. Rao et al. [2] have
analyzed the heat transfer effect on the steady boundary layer flow of a Casson fluid past a
stretching surface in the presence of slip conditions. Mahdy [3] has studied the melting effect on
the mixed convective heat transfer from a vertical surface embedded in a non-Newtonian fluid-
saturated porous media. EL-Kabeir et al. [4] have considered the problem of unsteady, laminar,
coupled heat and mass transfer by MHD mixed convective boundary-layer flow of electrically
conducting fluid over impulsively stretched vertical surface in an unbounded quiescent fluid
with aiding external flow in the presence of a transverse magnetic field and melting effects.
 Objective
An analysis is performed for non-Darcy free convective flow of non-Newtonian fluid
past a vertical surface in the presence of volumetric heat source originated by some
electromechanical or other devices. Further the vertical bounding surface is subjected to
power law variation of wall temperature. In the present model of flow through porous
media, non-Darcy effects such as high flow rate, inertia forces are to be considered in
conjunction with volumetric heat source. The single non-similarity parameter has been
introduced which varies from one for purely forced convection to zero for purely free
convection. Most importantly the variation of velocity index parameter charecterises
three types of fluid such as pseudoplastic, newtonian and dilatant fluid. Runge-Kutta
method with shooting technique has been applied for the numerical solution. The results
of major interest are velocity profiles, temperature profiles and the local Nusselt number
for some representative power law index and velocity index.
 Problem Description

Fig 1

Physical Model and Co ordinate System

 We have the following assumptions.
 The flow is steady, laminar, incompressible and two dimensional.
 The Bousssinesq approximation is valid, that is
(a)It neglects all variable property effects in the governing equations except for the
density term that appears in the buoyancy term of the momentum equation.
(b) It approximates the density difference term with a simplified equation of state that
is    (1   (T  T )) (1)
 The fluid and solid matrix are everywhere in local thermodynamic equilibrium.
 The thermo physical properties of the fluid are homogeneous and isotropic .
 The vertical plate is heated in such a way that its surface temperature varies in

the power-law form Tw ( x)  T  Ax (2)
Governing Equations
u v
 0 (3)
x y

u n K * u 2n Kg T
  (4)
y  y  y

T T  2T
u v   2  Q(T  T ) (5)
x y y
Boundary Conditions

y = 0 : v = 0, T = Tw = T∞+ Ax 
λ

 (6)
y ∞: u U∞, T T∞ 
→

→
Method of Solution
Stream function
 
u , v (7)
y x

Non Dimensional Variables

y T  T
  Pex1/ 2 1  ( , ) 
Tw  T
x
Qx 2 2
S 
1
 
 Pex
Ra x
  1  

 Pex 


 ( x, y )
f ( , )   (8)
 Pex 1/ 2
Local Peclet and Local Rayleigh
number
U x
Pex 

1
x   Kg   n
Rax   w  

  
T T

Non Dimensional Equations
Er Ped n
n( f )n1 f   2n( f )2 n1 f   (1   )2 n  9
 2n

1     f  
   1  (1   )  f      f   S    (1   )    f   10
2 n  2n    
Non Dimensional Boundary
Conditions

η= 0 : f =0, θ = 1
 (11)
η ∞: f  ξ , θ 0 
→

→
2
  
 n
K
Er  
 d 

1
d   Kg   
n
Rad 
   
Ad



1
x n
Rax  Rad  
d 
U
u f ( , )
 2

1  1/2 1    f    
v                f 
  n
Pex f (1 ) f (1 ) ( 1 (1 )
2x n   n  
For   0 (Free Convection Flow), the term
Pedn
 Radn
 2n
Equations (9)and (10) along with the boundary conditions (11)
are converted into

n ( f )n 1 f   2n Er Radn ( f ) 2 n 1 f      0 (14)

1 
    1   f    ( f   S )  0 (15)
2 n
η = 0 : f = 0, θ=1 
 (16)
η   : f   0, θ  0
Results and Discussion
 The problem of non-Darcy free convective flow of non-
Newtonian fluids on a vertical surface embedded in a porous
medium with volumetric temperature dependent heat source
has been considered.
 The governing equations first converted into nonlinear ordinary
differential equations applying similarity transformations and
then solved using R-K method of order four followed by
shooting technique.
 The behaviour of velocity and temperature profiles are given in
the figures below.
Fig 2 n  o.5, Ra d  1 Fig 3 n  o.5, Ra d  1

Fig 4 n  1, Ra d  1 Fig 5 n  1, Ra d  1
 Fig 6 Ra d  1, s  0.2 Fig 7 Ra d  1, s  0.2

Fig 8 Er  0.01, n  0.5 Fig 9 Er  0.01, n  0.5

 Observations
 It is observed from ‘fig 2’ that for the Ergun number Er  0.1 the velocity
decreases in the adjacent layers of the bounding surface when n  0.5 ,
afterwards profiles coincides for Er  0 .This indicates that non –Newtonian
property of the fluid model decelerates the momentum transport near the
bounding surface. But in case of temperature distribution (fig 3) slight rise
in temperature is marked in the entire domain due to the non-Newtonian
property of the fluid. Thus the non-Newtonian property prevails in the entire
thermal boundary uniformly. Further it is seen that the increase in the
volumetric heat source reduce both velocity and temperature. This
observation is pertaining to the pseudo plastic fluid as n 1 .
 Observations
 On careful observations of figures corresponding to n  0.5 (figures
2&3), n  1 (figures 4&5), n  1.25 (figures omitted) which
represent pseudo plastic, Newtonian and dilatant fluid respectively, it
is noticed that there is no remarkable change in velocity as well as
temperature difference in the flow domain.
 It is interesting to note that from figures 6&7 the velocity increases
and temperature decreases with the fluid property drifting from
pseudo plastic to dilatants through Newtonian.
 From figures 6 &7 it is observed that an increase in Rayleigh number
doesn’t affect significantly the velocity and thermal boundary layer.
So the present study indicates that Rayleigh number is ineffective for
this Ergun model problem.
 Conclusion
 The Ergun number characterises the transition from Pseudo
plastic to dilatant fluid enhancing the velocity distribution i,e
higher rate of momentum transport causing a fall in temperature
in thermal boundary layer.
 References
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Non-Newtonian Fluids on a Vertical Surface in a Saturated Porous Medium.
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Beg O. (2015) Numerical Modeling of Non-Similar Mixed Convection
Heat Transfer over a Stretching Surface with Slip Conditions. World Journal
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Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 86,1117-1126.
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