BSS OPTIMIZATION

LOGICAL CHANNELS USED

Random Access Channel (RACH)

It is used by the mobile station in order to initiate a transaction, or
as a response to a PCH.

Access Grant Channel (AGCH)

Answer to the RACH. Used to assign SDCCH to a mobile.

Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH)

System signalling: call set-up, authentication, location update,
assignment of traffic channels and transmission of short
messages.

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MOBILE ORIGINATING CALL PROCEDURE (1st Part)

MS BTS BSC MSC

CHANNEL REQUEST
1
CHANNEL REQUIRED 2
RACH

CHANNEL ACTIVATION 3

CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK 4

IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT CMD 5

6 IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT

AGCH

7 CM SERVICE REQUEST

SDCCH
8
ESTABLISH INDICATION

CR (CM SERVICE REQUEST) 9

Um Interface A-bis A-Interface

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1. CHANNEL REQUEST
The channel required procedure offers the mobile subscriber the means to start the establishment of a mobile originating call.
The CHANNEL REQUEST message is used by the MS for requesting a dedicated signalling channel SDCCH.
CHANNEL REQUEST message to the BTS is sent on the RACH and consists of 8 information bits: Random number (5 bits) and
estalish cause (3 bits)– ACCESS BURST
*** The network uses the random reference and the MS access slot number to identify and to address the MS.
T3120- MS starts this timer and waits for its access acceptance.

2. CHANNEL REQUIRED
When the BTS detects an access burst, it sends a Channel Required Message to the BSC to request a signalling channel for the MS. Message
contains:

• request reference: establishment cause, random number

• access delay: delay of the access burst as measured by the BTS.

AVAILABLE SDCCH WILL BE RESERVED.

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TIME ACCESS DELAY AND TIMING ADVANCE

TIME ACCESS DELAY- time offset of an access burst as seen by the BTS which is equal to twice the propagation delay.
• ACCESS BURST- Short burst; only kind of burst used on the RACH; 87 bits
Used only in the uplink direction during initial phases when the propagation delay between the MS and the BTS is not
yet known. This is the first access of the mobile station on the RACH.

TIMING ADVANCE- Once in a dedicated mode, the BTS continuously measures the time offset between its own burst schedule
and the reception schedule of the mobile station bursts.
• NORMAL BURST- Long burst; Used in all other cases except in RACH, FCCH (F Bursts), and SCH (S Bursts); 147 bits

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3. CHANNEL ACTIVATION
After a successful reservation of a new SDCCH channel, the BSC activates it by sending the CHANNEL ACTIVATION message to the BTS.

BSC compares the access delay value with the maximum permitted timing advance parameter value. BSC determines which channel to use
and sends the identity of this channel to the BTS in this Message.

Message contains:
• reason for allocation
• complete description of the channel (channel type and TDMA Offset; ARFCN; TN; TSC (training sequence code); MAIO; HSN.)
• DTX applied or not
• MS Power
• BS Power
• TA

4. CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK

A successful case is acknowledged by the BTS with the CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK message (MOC/4).

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5. IMMEDIATE_ASSIGNMENT_COMMAND

After a successful SDCCH channel activation, the BSC sends the IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND message to the BTS
containing the IMMEDIATE ASSIGN message which is sent by the BTS to the MS.
Message tells the MS to switch to the allocated signalling channel (SDCCH + SACCH).
Message contains:
• Channel description information (channel type; ARFCN; TN; TSC (training sequence code); MAIO; HSN).
• In case of Hopping Channel, a list of frequencies the MS should hop.
• Frame number when Channel required Message was detected.
• Random Reference Number and Establishment Cause.
• TA that MS will use.

6. IMMEDIATE_ASSIGNMENT

The BSS informs the MS on AGCH channel about the SDCCH channel to be used by using IMMEDIATE_ASSIGNMENT message.

MS compares the random reference and the frame number with those stored in the MS. If they correspond, MS goes to the Service Request step.

The GSM timer T3101 is used to supervise the immediate assign procedure.
If the SDCCH channel reservation or activation has failed, the BSC sends the IMMEDIATE ASSIGN REJECT message to the MS.

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7. CM_SERVICE_REQUEST

After receiving the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message, the MS tunes to the assigned SDCCH and starts to establish the signalling link across the
network. The MS sends the layer 2 SABM (Set Asynchronous Balance Mode) to the BTS on the SDCCH.
The SABM (CM_SERVICE_REQUEST) message contains a layer 3 service request message.

Message includes the following:

- CM service type: mobile originated call, short message service, supplementary services, emergency call;
- Ciphering key sequence number;
- MS classmark 2;
- mobile identity.

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8. ESTABLISH INDICATION

When Service Request Message arrives at the BTS, it is forwarded to the BSC in an Establish Indication Message.
This message tells the BSC that a change acknowledge mode has been made. BSC initiates the power control algorithm for dynamic MS power
control.

9. CR (CM SERVICE REQUEST)

Then BSC starts to initiate signalling connection control part (SCCP) connection for the MS after receiving the ESTABLISH INDICATION message
for the SDCCH establishment from the BTS.

BSC adds CGI before forwarding the Paging Response to the MSC as a complete L3 message.

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SYSTEM INFORMATION

System information Type 1

• Cell Channel Description information is sent in this type of System Information.

• Informaion on how to perform access to the system (RACH Control Parameters)

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System Information Type 2

• Neighbor Cell Description (BCCH frequencies used in neighboring cells)

• NCC Permitted (Which PLMN Network Color Codes (NCC) it may monitor.)
• RACH Control Parameters

System Information Type 2 BIS

• Neighbor Cells description – extension. Sent Optionally on the BCCH

System Information Type 2 TER

• RACH Control Parmeters

• Additional multiband information
• Neighbor cells description

SYSTEM INFORMATION TYPE 3

• Location Area Identification (for location updating)

• Cell Identity
• Control Channel Description (calculate paging group; periodiv reg;
If MS is about to enter IDLE mode.
• Cell Options (Good performance- DTX, Power Control, RLT)
• Cell Selection Parameters (Access Min, Max MS tx pwr, CRH)
• RACH Control Parameters
• SI 3 rest octets (CRO/ C1- C2)

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