TITLE

REASON FOR SHORTAGE OF WATER

• Population increase

• • Industrialization

• • Urbanization

• (a) Increase in per capita utilization

• (b) Less peculation area

• • In places where rain fed/ irrigation based crops are cultivated through ground water

• • Decrease in surface area of Lakes, talab, tanks etc.

•
• Reasons
 REASON FOR SHORTAGE OF WATER

• Deforestation
• (i) Less precipitation
• (ii) Absence of Barriers
• (a) Rain drops checked by leaves of tree
• (b) Water slowly descends through twigs & trunk
• © Humus – acts as reservoir
• (d) Tiny creatures – helps percolation
1 hectare of forest-6-7 Lac ton of water

(after filtering) top layer can hold 1.2 Lac

tons of water
 WHAT IS THE SOLUTION

• Rain water is the ultimate source

• of fresh water

• • Potential of rain to meet water demand is tremendous

• • Rain water harvesting helps to overcome water scarcity

• • To conserve ground water the aquifers must be

recharged with rain water
 WHY RAIN WATER TO BE HARVESTED

• To conserve & augment the storage of ground water

• To reduce water table depletion

• To improve the quality of ground water

• To arrest sea water intrusion in coastal areas

• To avoid flood & water stagnation in urban areas

 What is rain water harvesting?

• Rainwater harvesting is a technology used for collecting and storing

rainwater from rooftops, the land surface or rock catchments using
simple techniques such as jars and pots as well as more complex
techniques such as underground check dams.

• Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of

rainwater for reuse on-site, rather than allowing it to run off.
Why?
Economics
 Reduces water bills
 Reduced water demand - water supply utility saves money on treatment and
pumping
 Reduces cost of infrastructure necessary for water supply

Environment
 Energy saved – no pumping of water to our homes
 If water is hard, adding soft rainwater improves water quality
 Improves groundwater situation
 Reduces demand for water at city/village level

Other
 Simple, cost-effective, easy to construct and maintain
 Viable in urban and rural areas, slums, low income housing, apartments
 Can offset the need for multipurpose river projects
 Uses of rain water

• Recharge under ground water

• Gardening

• Livestock

• Drinking purpose

• for irrigation purpose

How?

The concept is simple

 Collect

 Store and use

 Recharge
 How we can harvest rainwater?

• Broadly there are two ways harvesting rainwater.

(i) Surface runoff harvesting .

(ii) Roof top rainwater harvesting.

• Surface runoff harvesting:-

• In urban area rainwater f lows away as surface runoff. This runoff

could be caught and used for recharging aquifers by adopting

appropriate methods.
 Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting

• It is a system of catching rainwater where it falls.

• In rooftop harvesting, the roof becomes the catchments, and the

rainwater is collected from the roof of the house/building. This

method is less expensive and very effective.

 Components of the roof top rainwater harvesting
system

• 1. Catchment area

• 2- Transportation

• 3- First f lush

• 4- Storage system

• 5- Delivery system

• 6- Filtration system
 Catchment area
• The surface that receives rainfall directly is the
• catchment of rainwater harvesting system. It may
• be terrace, courtyard, or paved or unpaved open
• ground.
• Rainwater from rooftop should be carried
• through down take water pipes or drains
• to storage/harvesting system. Water pipes should
• be UV resistant (ISI HDPE/PVC pipes) of required
• capacity