The Pre-

writing
Process
 BRAINSTORMING
 When you responded with ideas and concepts
related to the broad concept that your teacher gave
you, you were already generating possible topics for
your papers. The activity aims to generate as many
topic as you can 10 to 15 minutes so that these
random topics can be made into a focused topic later
on.
 FREEWRITING
 Aside from brainstorming, you can also use
freewriting to generate ideas. Freewriting is similar
to brainstorming in that you just write any idea that
comes to your mind. The catch is to put down into
writing the ideas that you think of so that later on
you will be able to generate and narrow them down
into a single topic for your paper.
Example:

You want to write about gender bias and

stereotypes, which is still a very broad topic.
 CLUSTERING
 This technique provides a graphic representation of
your ideas, allowing you to visualize the connections
and/or relationships of your ideas. Write your main
topic at the center of your paper then circle or box it.
Think of subtopics and place them around the center
circle until you feel that you have developed all the
subtopics fully.
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

Before you start the actual process of

writing, you need to make sure that
assumptions that you have about our topic
can be supported by evidence.
 PARAPHRASING
 one of the ways to avoid plagiarism
 It is rendering the essential ideas in a text
(sentence or paragraph) using your own
words
WRITING AND
REWRITING
 THE WRITING
PROCESS
Developing your thesis statement
- a thesis statement is the claim or stand
that you will develop in your paper. It is the
controlling idea of your essay. It gives your
readers idea of what your paper is all about.
 - a strong thesis statement usually
contains an element of uncertainty, risk,
or challenge (Ramage, Bean, and Johnson
2006:34).
 -This means that your thesis statement
should offer a debatable claim that you can
prove or disprove in your essay. The claim
should be debatable enough to let your
readers agree or disagree with you.

Organizing your Paper
- As a writer your main aim is to organize
your ideas in a logical order. Organizing your
ideas means finding the connections of one
point to another and establishing a link from
one idea to another.
 -The challenge for you as a
writer is to be able to “weave back and
forth between generalizations and
specifics” (Ramage, Bean, and Johnson
2006:40)
 - some writer start organizing their draft
by making an outline. Outlining is an effective way
of ensuing the logical flow of your ideas you may
opt to use the standard outline complete with
Roman Numerals and indentions or you may use
list, diagrams, or maps.
 - the introduction for academic essay
provides a background of your topic, causes
a question regarding the topic, explains how
the question is problematic and significant,
and gives the writers thesis statement.