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12.1 Momentum
Two balls with the same mass and speed have the same kinetic energy
but opposite momentum.
12.1 Calculating Momentum
The momentum of a moving object is its
mass multiplied by its velocity.
That means momentum increases with both
mass and velocity.
Momentum p=mv
(kg m/sec)
Velocity (m/sec)
Mass (kg)
Comparing momentum
A car is traveling at a velocity of 13.5 m/sec (30
mph) north on a straight road. The mass of the car
is 1,300 kg. A motorcycle passes the car at a speed
of 30 m/sec (67 mph). The motorcycle (with rider)
has a mass of 350 kg. Calculate and compare the
momentum of the car and motorcycle.
12.1 Momentum
3. Use F = Δ ÷Δt
Impulse (N•sec)
FD t=Dp
Change in
momentum
(kg•m/sec)
12.1 Momentum
Momentum resulting
from the rotation (or
spin) of an object is
called angular
momentum.
12.3 Conservation of Angular Momentum
Angular momentum is
important because it
obeys a conservation
law, as does linear
momentum.
Nearly all modern airplanes use jet propulsion to fly. Jet engines
and rockets work because of conservation of linear momentum.
A rocket engine uses the same principles as a jet, except that in
space, there is no oxygen.
Most rockets have to carry so much oxygen and fuel that the
payload of people or satellites is usually less than 5 percent of
the total mass of the rocket at launch.