ABES ENGINEERING COLLEGE

GHAZIABAD

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Guided By- Prepared By-
Pushkar Verma
Vijay Kumar Gupta
Priyanshu Tiwari
Dept. Of Mechanical Prince Tiwari
Overview

• Introduction
• Mechanism of Camless Engine
• Types of camless mechanisms
• Current application
I
of camless engine
• Advantages
• Limitation of camless engines
• Conclusion
Introduction
conventional four stroke IC
engine
 Has Four strokes
 Movement of inlet and exhaust valves with the
help of camshaft
 The crankshaft turns camshaft which operates
valves
 Timing of engine valves depends on shape of
camshaft
 The valvetrain consists of valves ,rocker arms
,pushrod ,lifters,and camshafts
 It involves many moving parts
Working Of
Camless Engine
 Camless engine may debut on 2009 fiat
500
 Could provide infinite variation of valve
parameters
 Sensors sense parameters and send
signal to ECU
 ECU contains microprocessors with
associated software
 This ECU controls the actuators to work
according to requirements
 Valeo estimates that the efficiency of a
camless engine would be 20% greater
than a comparable camshaft –operated
engine
Mechanism Of Camless Engine
Electronic
Sensors Actuators
control Unit

Mainly five sensor are present ,which senses:

1. Speed of the engine
2. load of the engine
3. Exhaust position sensor
4. Valve position sensor
5. Curren sensor
Microprocessors are present in ECU to issue signal and
control the actuators.
 Electromechanical
poppet Valves
Types Of
Electromechanical Ball
Camless Valves
Mechanisms
Electro-hydraulic Poppet
Valves
Electromechanic
al Poppet Valves
 Early systems employed solenoid and
magnetic attraction/repulsion was
used on an iron or ferromagnetic
armature
 Varying air gaps which lead to high
seating velocities which made
varying of the lift difficult
 It is replaced with a current carrying
armature coil
 A magnetic field is generated by a
magnetic field generator and
directed across the fixed air gap
• The force generated on the armature coil drives the armature
coil linearly in the gap in a direction parallel with the valve stem
• Depending on the direction of the current supplied to the
armature coil. The valve will be driven toward an open or closed
position.
• Siemens report that a special software algorithm is used to
control the actuator coil currents such that the valve are
decelerated to control the actuator coil currents such that the
valve are decelerated to a speed near zero the land
• In conjunction with a switching time of barely thee milliseconds
• The 16 valve four cylinder engine that is currently undergoing
tests in Germany by Siemens, is equipped with 16 valve actuator
and corresponding armature position sensors
Electromechanical
Ball Valves
 It consists of a ball through which there is a
passage passes
 If the ball is rotated such that passage lines up
with other openings in the valve assembly gas
can pass through it
 The disc is permanently attached and indexed
to the ball valve and contains permanent
magnets around its perimeter
 A crank trigger sensor on the crankshaft
provides information about the position of the
piston relative to top dead center
Electromechanical
Ball Valves
 Electromechanical valve train
implementation would not be possible
with a normal 12v electrical system
 The automotive industry has chosen a
42v electrical system as the next
automotive standard
 The valve housing arrangement in a
four stroke reciprocation piston engine
eliminates all the independent moving
parts in the valve train
 Electro- hydraulic
Poppet Valves

 A source of pressurized hydraulic fluid and a

hydraulic actuator coupled to the poppet
valve
 The use of engine oil as the hydraulic fluid
simplifies and lowers the cost of the design
 It one design the provision is made for a
three-way electrically operated valve to
control the flow of the pressurized fluid to
actuator
 The valve springs that are used to reset the
poppet valve
Electro-hydraulic
Poppet Valves
 The valve actuation and control
system need a manifold pressure
sensor a temperature sensor a mass
flow sensor ,a coolant temperature
sensor ,a throttle position sensor ,an
exhaust gas sensor

 A valve developed by Struma

industries is said to be about six times
faster than conventional hydraulic
valves
Current
application of
camless engine
 Camless valve trains
using solenoids or
magnetic system are
being investigated by
BMW and fiat
 They are being
prototype by Valeo
and Ricardo
 Used in the new fiat
500
 Advantages

• Offers continuously variable & independent control of oil aspects

of valve motion –lift, operation duration ,event of opening
• ECV system can control valve velocity ,valve acceleration and
deceleration
• Better fuel economy –7 to 10 % increase
• Higher torque & power –10 to 15 % increase
• Lower exhaust emission –EGR system is eliminates since EGR
effect occurs on its own & thus reduces NOx emissions
• Reduction in size & weight
• Reduces friction losses
• Reduces the inertia of moving parts
Limitation Of Camless Engine
• Relatively high cost
• Packaging
• Increased power consumption
• Noise and vibration
• Air gap between the solenoids may demand a higher magnitude of
current during certain period
 Conclusion
• 1.An electro hydraulic camless valve train was developed for a
camless engine . Initial development confirming its functional ability
to control the valve timing ,lift ,velocity ,and duration ,as well as to
perform selectively variable deactivation in a four –valve
multicylinder engine

• 2. Revive of the benefits expected from a camless engine point to

substantial improvements in performance ,fuel economy and emission
over and above what is achievable in engine camshaft based valve
trains
• 3. The development of a camless engine with an electro
hydraulic valve train described in this report is only a first step
towards a complete engine optimization.Further research and
development are needed to take full advantage of this system
exceptional flexibility

• Even though some disadvantages are present ,we can expect

electrohydraulic & electromechanical valves to replace the
conventional camshaft technology
THANK YOU