LOADS AND SUPPORT

SYSTEM IN BEAM&COLUMN

TEAM MEMBERS;
BHARATH
BHUVANESHWARI
SRIGANESAN
AR HUSSAIN
SURYA
CONTENT

▪ BEAMS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

▪ COLUMNS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
▪ SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND ITS APPLICATION
▪ CONCLUSION
BEAM

▪ A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally

to the beam's axis. Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads
applied to the beam result in reaction forces at the beam's support points.
The total effect of all the forces acting on the beam is to produce shear
forces and bending moments within the beam, that in turn induce internal
stresses, strains and deflections of the beam. Beams are characterized by
their manner of support, profile (shape of cross-section), equilibrium
conditions, length, and their material.
▪ Beams are traditionally descriptions of building or civil
engineering structural elements, but any structures such as automotive
automobile frames, aircraft components, machine frames, and other
mechanical or structural systems contain beam structures that are designed
to carry lateral loads are analyzed in a similar fashion.
BEAMS
A cantilever is a rigid structural element, such as
a beam or a plate, anchored at one end to a (usually
vertical) support from which it protrudes; this connection
could also be perpendicular to a flat, vertical surface such
as a wall. When subjected to a structural load, the
cantilever carries the load to the support where it is forced
against by a moment and shear stress.

Simply supported beam: A simply supported beam is a type

of beam that has pinned support at one end and
roller support at the other end. Depending on the load
applied, it undergoes shearing and bending. It is the one of the
simplest structural elements in existence.

An overhanging beam is defined as a beam, which is

freely supported at two points and having one or both
ends extending beyond these supports. Mostly in
the overhanging beam one support is hinge support
while is roller support having one end as free like as
cantilever.
COLUMNS

▪ A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a

structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of
the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a
column is a compression member. For the purpose
of wind or earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist
lateral forces. Other compression members are often termed "columns"
because of the similar stress conditions. Columns are frequently used to
support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings
rest. A column might also be a decorative element not needed for
structural purposes; many columns are "engaged", that is to say form
part of a wall.
COLUMNS
LOAD TRANSFER
SUPPORT SYSTEM

• Structural support is a part of a building or structure providing the necessary stiffness and strength
in order to resist the internal forces and guide them safely to the ground. External in building
support structures.
• Supports can be either at the end or at any intermediate point along a structural member or a
constituent part of a building and they are referred to as connections, joints or restraints. Building
support structures, no matter the materials, have to give accurate and safe results. A structure
depends less on the weight and stiffness of a material and more on its geometry for stability.
Whatever the condition is, a specific rigidity is necessary for connection designs.
• The support connection type has effects on the load bearing capacity of each element, which
makes up a structural system. Each support condition influences the behaviour of the elements and
therefore, the system. Structures can be either Horizontal-span support systems or Vertical building
structure systems (walls, frames cores, etc.
TYPES OF SUPPORT STRUCTURE

 Support structure
 1.Roller supports

 2.Pinned support

 3.Fixed support
 ROLLER SUPPORT

• Roller supports are free to rotate and translate along the

surface upon which the roller rests. The surface may be
horizontal, vertical or slopped at any angle.
• Roller supports are commonly located at one end of long
bridges in the form of bearing pads. This support allows
bridge structure to expand and contract with temperature
changes and without this expansion the forces can fracture
the supports at the banks.
• This support cannot provide resistance to lateral forces.
Roller support is also used in frame cranes in heavy
industries as shown in figure, the support can move
towards left, right and rotate by resisting vertical loads thus
a heavy load can be shifted from one place to another
horizontally.
PINNED SUPPORT

• Pinned support attaches the only web of a beam to a girder called

a shear connection. The support can exert a force on a member
acting in any direction and prevent translational movements, or
relative displacement of the member-ends in all directions but
cannot prevent any rotational movements.
• Pinned support is just like a human elbow. It can be extended
and flexed (rotation), but you cannot move your forearm left to
right (translation).
• One benefit of pinned supports is not having internal moment
forces and only their axial force playing a big role in designing
them. However, a single pinned support cannot completely
restrain a structure. At least two supports are needed to resist the
moment. Applying in trusses is one frequent way we can use this
support.
 FIXED SUPPORT

Fixed supports can resist vertical and horizontal forces as well as a moment. Since
they restrain both rotation and translation, they are also known as rigid supports.
This means that a structure only needs one fed support in order to be stable. All
three equations of equilibrium can be satisfied. A flagpole set into a concrete base
is a good example of this kind of support. The representation of fixed supports
always includes two forces (horizontal and vertical) and a moment.